{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:46:36Z","timestamp":1786995996948,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012331","name":"Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HBC.2021.0664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HBC.2021.0664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T16:05:01Z","timestamp":1773504301000},"page":"106759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Behavioral patterns in broiler chickens monitored with a multi-view tracking system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0825-6250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Soster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1991-2478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thorsten","family":"Cardoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0398-9956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Lopes","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3355-884X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassem","family":"Khalfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8473-5201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Martos","family":"Martinez-Caja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1348-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Tuyttens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"De Gussem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Leroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9569-9373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter","family":"Simoens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunther","family":"Antonissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0002","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","first-page":"3464","article-title":"Simple online and realtime tracking","author":"Bewley","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(02)00083-7","article-title":"Effects of increasing environmental complexity on the physical activity of broiler chickens","volume":"79","author":"Bizeray","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.34325","article-title":"Black globe humidity index (BGHI) as comfort equation for dairy cows","volume":"24","author":"Buffington","year":"1981","journal-title":"Trans. ASAE"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00007","article-title":"Stocking density effects on broiler welfare: Identifying sensitive ranges for different indicators","volume":"88","author":"Buijs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0007","first-page":"1831","article-title":"Modeling the effect of diurnal rhythms and light schedule on broiler activity","volume":"87","author":"Cangar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2025.110435","article-title":"Multi-camera detection and tracking for individual broiler monitoring","volume":"237","author":"Cardoen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106282","article-title":"The influence of multifunctional platforms and heat stress on broiler chicken bone health and lameness","volume":"105","author":"Carvalho","year":"2026","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0011","first-page":"161","article-title":"Effect of light intensity on broiler behaviour and diurnal rhythms","volume":"137","author":"Deep","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2014.05.004","article-title":"Automated image-based tracking and its application in ecology","volume":"29","author":"Dell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103901","article-title":"Research note: effects of high barn temperature on group-level dispersion and individual activity in broiler chickens","volume":"103","author":"Duenk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0014","first-page":"6005","article-title":"Welfare of broilers on farm: scientific opinion","volume":"18","year":"2020","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13081527","article-title":"YOLO-based model for automatic detection of broiler pathological phenomena through visual and thermal images in intensive poultry houses","volume":"13","author":"Elmessery","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0016","first-page":"33","article-title":"Broiler chickens: a tolerant social species?","volume":"16","author":"Estevez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim. Welfare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.20965\/jaciii.2022.p0930","article-title":"Detection of Japanese quails using YOLOv5 and Detectron2 Faster R-CNN","volume":"26","author":"Evangelista","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adv. Comput. Intell. Intell. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982012000800021","article-title":"Locomotion problems of broiler chickens and its relationship with gait score","volume":"41","author":"Fernandes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Zootec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12233390","article-title":"Monitoring behaviors of broiler chickens at different ages with deep learning","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0022","first-page":"36","article-title":"Detecting broiler chickens on litter floor with the YOLOv5-CBAM deep learning model","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0023","unstructured":"V. Holik 2010. Managing heat stress\u2014Part 1: Layers respond to hot climatic conditions. Poultry World. Accessed Jan. 2026. https:\/\/www.poultryworld.net."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0025","unstructured":"G. Jocher, J. Qiu, and A. Chaurasia. 2023. Ultralytics YOLO (version 8.0.0). 2025 https:\/\/github.com\/ultralytics\/ultralytics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1545","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001545","article-title":"Leg disorders in broiler chickens: prevalence, risk factors and prevention","volume":"3","author":"Knowles","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Kirillov and E. Mintun, N. Ravi, H. Mao, C. Rolland, L. Gustafson, T. Xiao, S. Whitehead, A.C. Berg, W.Y. Lo, P. Doll{\\'a}r and R. Girshick. 2023. Segment anything. arXiv:2304.02643.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00371"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3390\/ani3020356","article-title":"Impact of heat stress on poultry production","volume":"3","author":"Lara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0710643","article-title":"Sampling methods in behavior research","volume":"71","author":"Lehner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105596","article-title":"Analysis of feeding and drinking behaviors of group-reared broilers via image processing","volume":"175","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-635X1704559-566","article-title":"Effects of heat stress on the daily behavior of Wenchang chickens","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0034","first-page":"181","article-title":"Performance and behaviour of broiler chickens fed different energy and protein levels","volume":"6","author":"Mendes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0036","first-page":"409","article-title":"Lameness prediction in broiler chicken using a machine learning technique","volume":"8","author":"N\u00e4\u00e4s","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0037","first-page":"209","article-title":"Performance and feeding behavior of broilers fed diets with different energy densities","volume":"19","author":"Nascimento","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atech.2024.100409","article-title":"Automated video action recognition-based system for drinking time estimation of individual broilers","author":"Nasiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Smart Agric. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2019.09.015","article-title":"Machine vision system for early detection and prediction of sick birds: A broiler chicken model","volume":"188","author":"Okinda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2006.301.308","article-title":"Review of lighting programs for broilers","volume":"5","author":"Olanrewaju","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.104954","article-title":"Automatic analysis of high, medium, and low activities of broilers with heat stress operations via image processing and machine learning","volume":"104","author":"Oso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2018.05.008","article-title":"Real-time monitoring of broiler flock welfare status using camera-based technology","volume":"173","author":"Pe\u00f1a Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00812","article-title":"Heat stress impairs performance parameters, induces intestinal injury, and decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens","volume":"89","author":"Quinteiro-Filho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0045","first-page":"160","article-title":"Effect of locomotor activity on bone development and leg disorders in broilers","volume":"61","author":"Reiter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Gefl\u00fcgelkd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.3390\/su12041413","article-title":"How are information technologies addressing broiler welfare? A systematic review based on the Welfare Quality\u00ae assessment","volume":"12","author":"Rios","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey191","article-title":"The foregut and its manipulation via feeding practices in the chicken","volume":"97","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6225","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez475","article-title":"Validation of alternative behavioral observation methods in young broiler chickens","volume":"98","author":"Ross","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2023-1880","article-title":"Musculoskeletal and visceral quality of broilers with different body patterns","volume":"26","author":"Santos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Braz. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22604-2","article-title":"Energy allocation and behaviour in the growing broiler chicken","volume":"8","author":"Tickle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fanim.2022.945534","article-title":"Seeing is caring: automated assessment of resource use of broilers with computer vision techniques","volume":"3","author":"van der Eijk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(99)00102-1","article-title":"Behaviour of broiler chickens and its modification by lameness","volume":"67","author":"Weeks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0057","first-page":"1185","article-title":"Ventilation, sensible heat loss, and performance in heat-stressed broilers","volume":"79","author":"Yahav","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12060692","article-title":"Automated video-based analysis framework for behavior monitoring of individual animals in zoos using deep learning","volume":"12","author":"Zuerl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003257912600386X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003257912600386X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T15:43:45Z","timestamp":1781279025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S003257912600386X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S003257912600386X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Behavioral patterns in broiler chickens monitored with a multi-view tracking system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106759","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106759"}}