{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T03:04:50Z","timestamp":1784689490776,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T16:02:55Z","timestamp":1778860975000},"page":"107135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of dietary protein level on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and vaccine-induced antibody responses in Sakini chickens during the starter phase"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1238-3996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suman","family":"Karki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6840-1503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanker Raj","family":"Barsila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naba Raj","family":"Devkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4157-2817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaaki","family":"Toyomizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450120044515","article-title":"Detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease virus (avian paramyxovirus type 1)","volume":"30","author":"Aldous","year":"2001","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00244","article-title":"Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic and synbiotic on growth performance, organ weights, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens","volume":"88","author":"Awad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0003","series-title":"(Ed.), Diseases of Poultry","first-page":"75","article-title":"Newcastle disease","author":"Alexander","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0004","series-title":"Ross Broiler Management Handbook","author":"Aviagen","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2008.00915.x","article-title":"Histological intestinal alterations in chickens fed a low-protein diet","volume":"94","author":"Buwjoom","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2014.09.001","article-title":"Evaluation of the blood film","volume":"18","author":"Campbell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1017\/S2078633610000652","article-title":"Morphological features of indigenous chicken populations of Ethiopia","volume":"46","author":"Dana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Genet. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02773-5","article-title":"Sustainable intensification of indigenous village chicken production system: matching the genotype with the environment","volume":"53","author":"Desta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fanim.2023.1274473","article-title":"Lucerne meal in the diet of indigenous chickens: a review","volume":"4","author":"Ginindza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.2307\/1590198","article-title":"Evaluation of the heterophil\/lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens","volume":"27","author":"Gross","year":"1983","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0120-6","article-title":"Effect of feeding different levels of energy and protein on performance of Aseel breed of chicken during juvenile phase","volume":"44","author":"Haunshi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2005.04.022","article-title":"Mechanisms of water-holding capacity of meat: the role of postmortem biochemical and structural changes","volume":"71","author":"Huff-Lonergan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.925","article-title":"Intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens on diets supplemented with a mannan oligosaccharide","volume":"81","author":"Iji","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0309-1740(98)00034-5","article-title":"Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat","volume":"49","author":"Honikel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(03)00064-7","article-title":"Blood film preparation and staining procedures","volume":"22","author":"Houwen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/13.4.593","article-title":"Increasing amino acid density improves live performance and carcass yields of commercial broilers","volume":"13","author":"Kidd","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660701671336","article-title":"Nutrition and the immune system","volume":"48","author":"Klasing","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2023.2228374","article-title":"The productivity and resilience of indigenous chickens in tropical environments: improvement and future perspectives","volume":"51","author":"Kpomasse","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01675","article-title":"Productive performance and histological features of intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens fed different dietary protein levels","volume":"91","author":"Laudadio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0021","series-title":"Commercial Poultry Nutrition","author":"Leeson","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7811","DOI":"10.3390\/su16177811","article-title":"Sustainable growth through Thai native chicken farming: lessons from rural communities","volume":"16","author":"Loengbudnark","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-019-01825-1","article-title":"Response of Thai indigenous crossbred chickens to various dietary protein levels at different ages","volume":"51","author":"Maliwan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS19930004","article-title":"Avian blood leucocyte responses to stress","volume":"49","author":"Maxwell","year":"1993","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3923\/ajava.2011.344.352","article-title":"Effect of varying dietary energy to protein ratio level on growth and productivity of indigenous Venda chickens","volume":"6","author":"Mbajiorgu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0027","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Poultry","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/81.3.422","article-title":"The relationship between raw broiler breast meat color and composition","volume":"81","author":"Qiao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52569-4","article-title":"Genomic analysis of Nigerian indigenous chickens reveals their genetic diversity and adaptation to heat-stress","volume":"14","author":"Rachman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0030","first-page":"94","article-title":"Evaluation of serum antibody titer level against Newcastle disease virus in vaccinated broiler chickens","volume":"4","author":"Rahman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1244413","article-title":"Indigenous chicken production system in different agro-ecology of Indian Himalayan region: implication on food and economic security","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.1.75","article-title":"Posthatch development of mucosal function in the broiler small intestine","volume":"77","author":"Uni","year":"1998","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.1.123","article-title":"Composition, color, and texture of Thai indigenous and broiler chicken muscles","volume":"83","author":"Wattanachant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0034","series-title":"Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals","article-title":"Newcastle disease (infection with Newcastle disease virus)","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/82.6.1030","article-title":"Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers","volume":"82","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669108417328","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopic observations on the intestinal villi in growing White Leghorn and broiler chickens from 1 to 30 days of age","volume":"32","author":"Yamauchi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00091","article-title":"Factors affecting intestinal health in poultry","volume":"87","author":"Yegani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579126007649?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579126007649?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:41:01Z","timestamp":1784688061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579126007649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579126007649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of dietary protein level on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and vaccine-induced antibody responses in Sakini chickens during the starter phase","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107135","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107135"}}