{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:35:00Z","timestamp":1793133300567,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008745","name":"Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008745","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6040-32000-012-014A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6040-32000-012-014A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T07:25:08Z","timestamp":1781076308000},"page":"107272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of carvacrol- and thymol-rich essential oil feed additives on colonization and persistence patterns of Salmonella in broiler chickens"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2551-385X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Naeem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6242-5012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Manjankattil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Poudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0414-384X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3627-780X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Sulleyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1790-8854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Casco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.J.","family":"Rochell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.J.","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.V.","family":"Bourassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02090-24","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella isolated from pullets through final raw product in the processing plant of a conventional broiler complex: a longitudinal study","volume":"13","author":"Adhikari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0002","article-title":"Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella strains isolated from both No-Antibiotics-ever (NAE) and conventional broiler complexes","volume":"104","author":"Adhikari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15060875","article-title":"A mini-review on multi-hurdle control of Salmonella along poultry production continuum","volume":"15","author":"Betiku","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex289","article-title":"Evaluation of the addition of organic acids in the feed and\/or water for broilers and the subsequent recovery of Salmonella Typhimurium from litter and ceca","volume":"97","author":"Bourassa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105406","article-title":"Recovery of Salmonella from alternative anatomical sites after an oral challenge with three different Salmonella serotypes in turkeys","volume":"104","author":"Byrd","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0006","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","first-page":"567","author":"Cohen","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11041111","article-title":"Assessment of lippia origanoides essential oils in a Salmonella typhimurium, eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens challenge model to induce necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens","volume":"11","author":"Coles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110763","article-title":"Origanum vulgare essential oil vs. a commercial mixture of essential oils: in vitro effectiveness on Salmonella spp. From poultry and swine intensive livestock","volume":"9","author":"Di Vito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24050900","article-title":"Vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Salmonella enterica serotypes enteritidis and typhimurium strains isolated from poultry","volume":"24","author":"Ebani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.34115\/basrv6n4-007","article-title":"Controle de Salmonella spp. Em frangos de corte \u2013 revis\u00e3o de literatura \/Control of Salmonella spp. in broilers - literature review","volume":"6","author":"Ferreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz. Appl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030436","article-title":"Pilot study on the action of Thymus vulgaris essential oil in treating the most common bacterial contaminants and Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica Serovar derby in poultry litter","volume":"12","author":"Galgano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1350151","article-title":"Essential oils mix effect on chicks ileal and caecal microbiota modulation: a metagenomics sequencing approach","volume":"11","author":"Girard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00889-2","article-title":"Dietary supplemental coated essential oils and organic acids mixture improves growth performance and gut health along with reduces Salmonella load of broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104351","article-title":"Research note: evaluating the vertical transmission potential of Salmonella reading in broiler breeders","volume":"103","author":"Isah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2010-00181","article-title":"Antibacterial effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol on Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni in chicken cecal contents in vitro","volume":"19","author":"Kollanoor Johny","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2012-00540","article-title":"Effect of therapeutic supplementation of the plant compounds trans-cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis colonization in market-age broiler chickens","volume":"21","author":"Kollanoor-Johny","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5598","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26185598","article-title":"Cinnamomum cassia and syzygium aromaticum essential oils reduce the colonization of Salmonella typhimurium in an In vivo infection model using Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"26","author":"Lang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31893\/avr.2023016","article-title":"Essential oils in broiler chicken diets as antimicrobial agents: systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Lima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105819","article-title":"Survival and clearance dynamics of Salmonella in litter, carcasses, and internal organs of chickens fed different dietary fat sources","volume":"104","author":"Manjankattil","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0020","first-page":"545","article-title":"Antimicrobial effect of essential oils on multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium in chicken fillets. Pak","volume":"41","author":"Morshdy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev243","article-title":"Evaluation of yeast dietary supplementation in broilers challenged or not with Salmonella on growth performance, cecal microbiota composition and Salmonella in ceca, cloacae and carcass skin","volume":"94","author":"Mountzouris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122612","article-title":"Optimizing poultry nutrition to combat Salmonella: insights from the literature","volume":"12","author":"Naeem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020257","article-title":"Probiotics in poultry: unlocking productivity through microbiome modulation and gut health","volume":"13","author":"Naeem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02328","article-title":"Food grade pimenta leaf essential oil reduces the attachment of Salmonella enterica Heidelberg (2011 Ground Turkey Outbreak Isolate) on to Turkey skin","volume":"8","author":"Nair","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0025","first-page":"3578","article-title":"Pre-harvest non-typhoidal Salmonella control strategies in commercial layer chickens","volume":"14","author":"Neelawala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. Open Access J. MDPI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14030382","article-title":"A mini-review of the main effects of essential oils from citrus aurantifolia, ocimum basilicum, and allium sativum as safe antimicrobial activity in poultry","volume":"14","author":"Oliveira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101504","article-title":"Investigation of the potential of aerosolized Salmonella Enteritidis on colonization and persistence in broilers from day 3 to 21","volume":"100","author":"Pal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfz076","article-title":"Effect of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil on the survival of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg in contaminated poultry drinking water","volume":"28","author":"Peichel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12060874","article-title":"Essential oils in broiler Chicken production, immunity and meat quality: review of Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, and rosmarinus officinalis","volume":"12","author":"Puva\u010da","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2019.00002","article-title":"Salmonella harborage sites in infected poultry that may contribute to contamination of ground meat","volume":"3","author":"Rimet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Sustain. Food Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12212974","article-title":"Ability of garlic and ginger oil to reduce Salmonella in post-harvest poultry","volume":"12","author":"Robinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11040489","article-title":"Anti-Salmonella and antibiofilm potency of Salvia officinalis L. Essential oil against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica","volume":"11","author":"Selim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2017.2295","article-title":"Combination of antimicrobials and essential oils as an alternative for the control of Salmonella enterica multiresistant strains related to foodborne disease","volume":"14","author":"Solarte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1046395","article-title":"The use of thymol, carvacrol and sorbic acid in microencapsules to control Salmonella Heidelberg, S. Minnesota and S. Typhimurium in broilers","volume":"9","author":"Stingelin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0035","series-title":"FSIS Guideline for Controlling Salmonella in Raw Poultry | Food Safety and Inspection Service","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106075","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of organic acids in reducing Salmonella colonization in the crop and ceca of broilers","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102905","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the sources of Campylobacter in poultry production (preharvest) and their relative contributions to the microbial risk of poultry meat","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1058844","article-title":"The effect of oregano essential oil on the prevention and treatment of Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum infections in commercial Yellow-chicken breeders","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003257912600903X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S003257912600903X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:11:03Z","timestamp":1793131863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S003257912600903X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S003257912600903X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of carvacrol- and thymol-rich essential oil feed additives on colonization and persistence patterns of Salmonella in broiler chickens","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107272","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107272"}}