{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:33:10Z","timestamp":1793133190782,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:24:46Z","timestamp":1781713486000},"page":"107313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of rearing system and environmental enrichment on production performance and welfare of slow-growing broilers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Haixuan","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leilei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunlong","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0633-4701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2022.2100221","article-title":"Health-based welfare indicators and fear reaction of slower growing broiler compared to faster growing broiler housed in free range and conventional deep litter housing systems","volume":"27","author":"Abdourhamane","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.16485","article-title":"Consumer preferences for the color of unprocessed animal foods","volume":"88","author":"Altmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082383","article-title":"Effect of environmental complexity and stocking density on fear and anxiety in broiler chickens","volume":"11","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731112002108","article-title":"Influence of the provision of natural light and straw bales on activity levels and leg health in commercial broiler chickens","volume":"7","author":"Bailie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117003408","article-title":"An evaluation of potential dustbathing substrates for commercial broiler chickens","volume":"12","author":"Baxter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.952922","article-title":"Welfare issues and potential solutions for laying hens in free range and organic production systems: a review based on literature and interviews","volume":"9","author":"Bonnefous","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.01.008","article-title":"Access to litter during rearing and environmental enrichment during production reduce fearfulness in adult laying hens","volume":"189","author":"Brants\u00e6ter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01859","article-title":"The influence of stocking density on broiler chicken bone quality and fluctuating asymmetry","volume":"91","author":"Buijs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.104906","article-title":"Outdoor access versus conventional broiler chicken production: updated review of animal welfare, food safety, and meat quality","volume":"104","author":"Campbell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev276","article-title":"Lighting schedule and dimming period in early life: consequences for broiler chicken leg bone development","volume":"94","author":"Carla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0011","article-title":"In vivo prediction of abdominal fat and breast muscle in broiler chicken using live body measurements based on machine learning","volume":"102","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02360","article-title":"Effects of outdoor access on growth performance, carcass composition, and meat characteristics of broiler chickens","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2024.101173","article-title":"Review: environmental enrichment builds functional capacity and improves resilience as an aspect of positive welfare in production animals","volume":"18","author":"Colditz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102168","article-title":"Meat quality and flavor compounds of soft-boiled chickens: effect of Chinese yellow-feathered chicken breed and slaughter age","volume":"101","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10050341","article-title":"Genetical genomics of tonic immobility in the chicken","volume":"10","author":"Fogelholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00070","article-title":"Effects of fiber source and heat processing of the cereal on the development and pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed diets based on corn or rice","volume":"87","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alvarado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110974","article-title":"Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction involved in ammonia-induced nephrocyte necroptosis in chickens","volume":"203","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0018","article-title":"An overview of health challenges in alternative poultry production systems","volume":"100","author":"Jeni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13220","article-title":"Effects of rearing systems on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality, lymphoid organ indices, and serum biochemistry of wannan yellow chickens","volume":"90","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2019.113289","article-title":"Effects of light intensity and dual light intensity choice on plasma corticosterone, central serotonergic and dopaminergic activities in birds, Gallus gallus","volume":"285","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14040557","article-title":"Effects of environmental enrichments on welfare and hepatic metabolic regulation of broiler chickens","volume":"14","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14071116","article-title":"Assessment of welfare problems in broilers: focus on musculoskeletal problems associated with their rapid growth","volume":"14","author":"Kwon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12697","article-title":"Effects of different rearing systems on growth, small intestinal morphology and selected indices of fermentation status in broilers","volume":"88","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0024","article-title":"Free-caged rearing modes regulate chicken intestinal metabolism by influencing gut microbial homeostasis","volume":"104","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad362","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with nano-composite of copper and carbon on growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant ability of yellow-feathered broilers","volume":"101","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12020288","article-title":"Dietary effect of brevibacillus laterosporus S62-9 on chicken meat quality, amino acid profile, and volatile compounds","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0027","article-title":"Effects of dietary herbal additives on growth performance, meat quality and amino acid profile of yellow-feathered broilers","volume":"15","author":"Niamat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0028","first-page":"1647","article-title":"Effect of diet supplemented with different levels of moringa powder on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, hematological parameters, serum lipids, and economic efficiency of broiler chickens","volume":"78","author":"Majdi Abdelfaraj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Razi. Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104131","article-title":"Effect of genotype and outdoor enrichment on productive performance and meat quality of slow growing chickens","volume":"103","author":"Mattioli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-63-337-2020","article-title":"Physical quality characteristics of breast and leg meat of slow- and fast-growing broilers raised in different housing systems","volume":"63","author":"\u00d6zbek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Breed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731116001981","article-title":"Assessment of the effect of housing on feather damage in laying hens using IR thermography","volume":"11","author":"Pichov\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2014.06.005","article-title":"Use of near infrared spectroscopy for estimating meat chemical composition, quality traits and fatty acid content from cattle fed sunflower or flaxseed","volume":"98","author":"Prieto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Meat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.10.052","article-title":"Effect of housing system and age on products and bone properties of Taihang chickens","volume":"99","author":"Qiaoxian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14050998","article-title":"Studying genetic diversity and relationships between mountainous Meihua chickens using mitochondrial DNA control region","volume":"14","author":"Ran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14162387","article-title":"Exercise volume provides new insight into the effects of housing systems on chicken body conformation, carcass traits, meat quality, and serum biochemical parameters","volume":"14","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119001551","article-title":"Characterisation of footpad lesions in organic and conventional broilers","volume":"14","author":"Riber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-635X2014000100003","article-title":"Performance of free-range chickens reared in production modules enriched with shade net and perches","volume":"16","author":"Santos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2016.05.005","article-title":"Feather conditions and clinical scores as indicators of broilers welfare at the slaughterhouse","volume":"107","author":"Saraiva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3390\/ani3020386","article-title":"Animal welfare and food safety aspects of confining broiler chickens to cages","volume":"3","author":"Shields","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.2527\/2005.83122863x","article-title":"Consumer sensory acceptance and value of domestic, Canadian, and Australian grass-fed beef steaks","volume":"83","author":"Sitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00045-22","article-title":"Comparison and correlation analysis of immune function and gut microbiota of broiler chickens raised in double-layer cages and litter floor pens","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103110","article-title":"Effect of rearing systems on immune status, stress parameters, intestinal morphology, and mortality in conventional and local chicken breeds","volume":"102","author":"Stefanetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103085","article-title":"Does slaughter age affect amino acids and fatty acids profiles and health and nutritional values of male and female ROSS 308 broiler chicken breast muscle?","volume":"102","author":"Suliman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez510","article-title":"Effects of environmental complexity on welfare indicators of fast-growing broiler chickens","volume":"99","author":"Tahamtani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev032","article-title":"Effects of outdoor access days on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality, and lymphoid organ index of a local chicken breed","volume":"94","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00576","article-title":"Effects of barrier perches and density on broiler leg health, fear, and performance","volume":"89","author":"Ventura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00423","article-title":"Effect of a free-range raising system on growth performance, carcass yield, and meat quality of slow-growing chicken","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.11.044","article-title":"Exercise profile and effect on growth traits, carcass yield, meat quality, and tibial strength in Chinese Wannan chickens","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.10.073","article-title":"Effects of rearing system and narasin on growth performance, gastrointestinal development, and gut microbiota of broilers","volume":"100","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0050","article-title":"Behaviour and animal welfare indicators of broiler chickens housed in an enriched environment","volume":"16","author":"Yildirim","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105888","article-title":"Effects of raffinose supplementation on growth performance, carcass quality, blood chemistry, gut microbiota, and intestinal morphology in Yellow-feathered broilers","volume":"104","author":"Yushanaji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0052","article-title":"Effects of enzymes originating from Trichoderma reesei on the performance, organ index, serum biochemical indices, and intestinal health homeostasis of broiler chicken","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.106001","article-title":"Impacts of dietary different doses of polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce fibrous root powder as a natural growth promoter on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and intestinal health of broilers","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13101898","article-title":"Effects of different rearing systems on lueyang black-bone chickens: meat quality, amino acid composition, and breast muscle transcriptome","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1468847","article-title":"Effects of a novel synbiotics-enzyme complex as a replacement for antibiotics on growth performance, slaughter and meat characteristics, immune organ index, and intestinal morphology of broilers","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579126009442?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579126009442?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T19:56:44Z","timestamp":1793131004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579126009442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579126009442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of rearing system and environmental enrichment on production performance and welfare of slow-growing broilers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107313","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107313"}}