{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:32:58Z","timestamp":1793115178725,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004530","name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRGS\/1\/2023\/WAB04\/UPM\/01\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2023\/WAB04\/UPM\/01\/6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:33:29Z","timestamp":1791243209000},"page":"107902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Palm kernel cake and decanter cake as broiler feed ingredients: Effects on immunity, gut microbiota, antioxidant gene expression and plasma lipid profile"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5084-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Naeem","family":"Azizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0752-2923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teck Chwen","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric Lim Teik","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8420-4945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhamad Faris Ab","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5309-0965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hooi Ling","family":"Foo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s12257-011-0590-9","article-title":"Utilization of oil palm decanter cake for cellulase and polyoses production","volume":"17","author":"Abdul Razak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioprocess. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138452","article-title":"Regulation of ash slagging behavior of palm oil decanter cake by alum sludge addition","volume":"330","author":"Abioye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssas.2012.11.002","article-title":"Digestibility, rumen protozoa, and ruminal fermentation in goats receiving dietary palm oil by-products","volume":"12","author":"Abubakr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119756","article-title":"Effect of feeding palm oil by-products based diets on muscle fatty acid composition in goats (MFW te Pas, Ed.)","volume":"10","author":"Abubakr","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0005","first-page":"7","article-title":"Association between heat stress and oxidative stress in poultry; mitochondrial dysfunction and dietary interventions with phytochemicals","author":"Akbarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2021.1910472","article-title":"Effect of feeding fermented and non-fermented palm kernel cake on the performance of broiler chickens: a review","volume":"77","author":"Alshelmani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Worlds Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/729852","article-title":"Biodegradation of palm kernel cake by cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacterial cultures through solid state fermentation","volume":"2014","author":"Alshelmani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1071\/AN15359","article-title":"Effect of feeding different levels of palm kernel cake fermented by paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842 on broiler growth performance, blood biochemistry, carcass characteristics, and meat quality","volume":"57","author":"Alshelmani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2019.109934","article-title":"Investigating the role of interleukin 10 on Eimeria intestinal pathogenesis in broiler chickens","volume":"218","author":"Arendt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2026.2713017","article-title":"Effects of palm kernel cake and decanter cake combinations on growth performance, carcass traits, growth and nutrient transporter gene expression, and breast meat composition in broiler chickens","volume":"54","author":"Azizi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15131966","article-title":"From nutritional profiles to digestibility insights: exploring palm kernel cake and decanter cake in broiler diets","volume":"15","author":"Azizi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13101582","article-title":"Brown and green seaweed antioxidant properties and effects on blood plasma antioxidant enzyme activities, hepatic antioxidant genes expression, blood plasma lipid profile, and meat quality in broiler chicken","volume":"13","author":"Azizi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020338","article-title":"Is palm kernel cake a suitable alternative feed ingredient for poultry?","volume":"11","author":"Azizi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.5398\/tasj.2024.47.3.333","article-title":"Growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, and nutrient transporter gene expressions of broilers fed seaweed-supplemented diets","volume":"47","author":"Azizi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2025.508-518","article-title":"Effects of seaweed on blood plasma immunoglobulin concentration, mucosal immunity, small intestine histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and volatile fatty acid profile in broiler chickens","volume":"18","author":"Azizi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-026-04864-7","article-title":"Sustainable alternative feed ingredients: effects of palm kernel cake and decanter cake on broiler growth and production performance","volume":"58","author":"Azizi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10040525","article-title":"Dietary oxidative distress: a review of nutritional challenges as models for poultry, swine and fish","volume":"10","author":"Bacou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.6.3575-3581.2004","article-title":"Characterization of bacterial communities in feces from healthy elderly volunteers and hospitalized elderly patients by using real-time PCR and effects of antibiotic treatment on the fecal microbiota","volume":"70","author":"Bartosch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2023.09.004","article-title":"Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers","volume":"16","author":"Barua","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2009.10.012","article-title":"Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of palm kernel press cake for production of bioethanol","volume":"46","author":"Cerver\u00f3","year":"2010","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-005-9018-z","article-title":"Options for environmental sustainability of the crude palm oil industry in Thailand through enhancement of industrial ecosystems","volume":"8","author":"Chavalparit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380170088024","article-title":"A comparison of methods for the estimation of plasma low- and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: the lipid research clinics prevalence study","volume":"256","author":"Delong","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0056","series-title":"Malaysian Standard MS 1500:2009: Halal food production, preparation, handling and storage - general guidelines (second revision)","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2018.306.310","article-title":"Palm oil sludge fermented with Lentinus edodes in the diet of broilers","volume":"17","author":"Djulardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2025.1911-1921","article-title":"Wood vinegar as a natural alternative to antibiotics: effects on cecal microbiota, antioxidant status, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens","volume":"18","author":"Emmanuel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-024-00317-9","article-title":"How J-chain ensures the assembly of immunoglobulin IgM pentamers","volume":"44","author":"Giannone","year":"2025","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01943","article-title":"Immunoglobulin M: an ancient antiviral weapon \u2013 rediscovered","volume":"11","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173111600224X","article-title":"Protective potential of Lactobacillus species in lead toxicity model in broiler chickens","volume":"11","author":"Jahromi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2576921","article-title":"Modulation of immune function in rats using oligosaccharides extracted from palm kernel cake","volume":"2017","author":"Jahromi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0029","first-page":"1","article-title":"In ovo and dietary administration of oligosaccharides extracted from palm kernel cake influence general health of pre- and neonatal broiler chicks","volume":"12","author":"Jahromi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104505","article-title":"Benzoic acid potentiates intestinal IgA response in broiler chickens against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium infection","volume":"103","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2023.2242447","article-title":"Influence of palm kernel cake on the growth performance, gut health and hematochemical indices of slow-growing broilers","volume":"51","author":"Koranteng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15020116","article-title":"Pretreatment of palm kernel cake by enzyme-bacteria and its effects on growth performance in broilers","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2013.07.077","article-title":"Decanter cake as a feedstock for biodiesel production: a first report","volume":"76","author":"Maniam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0035","series-title":"Animal Nutrition","author":"McDonald","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0036","series-title":"Bioactive Phytochemicals from Vegetable Oil and Oilseed Processing by-Products","author":"M\u00e9rillon","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2004.514","article-title":"Nutrient digestibility of palm kernel cake for Muscovy ducks","volume":"17","author":"Mustafa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020257","article-title":"Probiotics in poultry: unlocking productivity through microbiome modulation and gut health","volume":"13","author":"Naeem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13022119","article-title":"Correlation coefficients between different methods of expressing bacterial quantification using real time PCR","volume":"13","author":"Navidshad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/524081","article-title":"Molecular and cellular pathways of immunoglobulin G activity in vivo","volume":"2014","author":"Nimmerjahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISRN Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-024-01101-9","article-title":"Phytobiotics in poultry: revolutionizing broiler chicken nutrition with plant-derived gut health enhancers","volume":"15","author":"Obianwuna","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104003","article-title":"Oxidative stress in poultry production","volume":"103","author":"Oke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0043","first-page":"78","article-title":"Interactive effects of Cassava starch residue and multi-enzyme supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, blood metabolites and cecal microbiota of broilers","author":"Osei-Adjei","year":"2026","journal-title":"Starch\/Staerke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.70927","article-title":"Optimising Cassava starch residue inclusion in broiler diets: balancing growth performance, liver health and gut microbial dynamics","volume":"12","author":"Osei-Adjei","year":"2026","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-368","article-title":"Palm kernel cake extract exerts hepatoprotective activity in heat-induced oxidative stress in chicken hepatocytes","volume":"14","author":"Oskoueian","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0046","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unresolved issues for amino acid digestibility in poultry nutrition","volume":"29","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102554","article-title":"Quantification of secretory IgA and mucin excretion and their contributions to total endogenous amino acid losses in roosters that were fasted or precision- fed a nitrogen-free diet or various highly digestible protein sources","volume":"102","author":"Parsons","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0048","series-title":"Bioactive Seaweeds for Food Applications","author":"Qin","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev216","article-title":"Effect of oligosaccharides extract from palm kernel expeller on growth performance, gut microbiota and immune response in broiler chickens","volume":"94","author":"Rezaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.17241","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiota in regulating responses to vaccination: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"292","author":"Rossouw","year":"2025","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010181","article-title":"Effects of dietary fiber on nutrients utilization and gut health of poultry: a review of challenges and opportunities","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-021-00559-1","article-title":"Effects of age on immune function in broiler chickens","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102785","article-title":"Modulation of the immune system of chickens a key factor in maintaining poultry production\u2014a review","volume":"102","author":"Wla\u017alak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0054","first-page":"22","article-title":"Effects of feeding palm kernel cake with crude enzyme supplementation on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicken","volume":"2","author":"Zamani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.791371","article-title":"Plant-derived polysaccharides regulated immune status, gut health and microbiota of broilers: a review","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579126015361?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579126015361?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:41:27Z","timestamp":1793112087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579126015361"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579126015361"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Palm kernel cake and decanter cake as broiler feed ingredients: Effects on immunity, gut microbiota, antioxidant gene expression and plasma lipid profile","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107902","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107902"}}