{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:34:45Z","timestamp":1793115285709,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:47:48Z","timestamp":1791672468000},"page":"107937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impacts of chromium propionate on Tom Turkey performance and removal rates during a 19-week production cycle"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5801-5196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke A.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-9723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett C.","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Sue","family":"Mayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Vignale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-609X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerry W.","family":"Spears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4481-7672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawn A.","family":"Koltes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103598","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol and fumonisin predispose broilers to bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis lameness","volume":"103","author":"Alharbi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15040570","article-title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of probiotics and multivalent vaccination strategies in mitigating bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis lameness using a hybrid challenge model","volume":"15","author":"Anthney","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0001","series-title":"Management Guidelines Raising Commercial Turkeys","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.08.024","article-title":"Effects of stocking density on large white, commercial tom turkeys reared to 20 weeks of age: 1. Growth and performance","volume":"99","author":"Bartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00185","article-title":"Effects of management related practices on turkey hen performance supplemented with either original XPC\u2122 or AviCare\u2122","volume":"5","author":"Bartz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.10.007","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of organic chromium (picolinate) on physical and biochemical characteristics of semen and carcass traits of male turkeys","volume":"151","author":"Biswas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0008","series-title":"Avian Disease Manual","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew018","article-title":"Chromium propionate in broilers: effect on insulin sensitivity","volume":"95","author":"Brooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660120055403","article-title":"Effects of chromium nicotinate of performance, carcass characteristics and blood chemistry of growing turkeys","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0731062","article-title":"Environment-immune interactions","volume":"73","author":"Dietert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.aavs\/2024\/12.s1.353.360","article-title":"Impact of transportation stress on growth performance, behaviour and welfare of turkey pullets","volume":"12","author":"Fahd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135869","article-title":"Effects of dietary inclusion of chromium propionate on growth performance, intestinal health, immune response, and nutrient transporter gene expression in broilers","volume":"705","author":"Hayat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.07.005","article-title":"Responses of growth performance, immune traits, and small intestinal morphology to dietary supplementation of chromium propionate in heat-stressed broilers","volume":"99","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.7.1050","article-title":"Turkey osteomyelitis complex","volume":"79","author":"Huff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8807","article-title":"Dietary chromium methionine supplementation could alleviate immunosuppressive effects of heat stress in broiler chicks","volume":"93","author":"Jahanian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04525-1","article-title":"Age-based host response to turkey arthritis reovirus in commercial turkeys in the presence of maternally derived antibodies","volume":"21","author":"Khatiwada","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118002379","article-title":"Dietary supplementation of organic or inorganic chromium modulates the immune response of broilers vaccinated with avian influenza virus vaccine","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1128622","article-title":"Regulation of the immune system by the insulin receptor in health and disease","volume":"14","author":"Makhijani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0019","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements Poultry","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03373","article-title":"Influence of chromium propionate on the carcass characteristics and immune response of commercial broiler birds under normal rearing conditions","volume":"93","author":"Rajalekshmi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0396.2001.00314.x","article-title":"Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on performance and plasma concentrations of insulin and corticosterone in laying hens under low ambient temperature","volume":"85","author":"Sahin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4317","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex249","article-title":"Effects of the supplemental chromium form on performance and oxidative stress in broilers exposed to heat stress","volume":"96","author":"Sahin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3146","article-title":"Chromium picolinate can ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress and enhance performance, carcass and meat traits in broiler chickens by reducing the circulatory cortisol level","volume":"88","author":"Samanta","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0021","series-title":"SAS OnlineDoc 9.4","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2009.04.013","article-title":"Perspectives on the endocrinology of poultry growth and metabolism","volume":"163","author":"Scanes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.11.010","article-title":"Effects of putative stressors and adrenocorticotropic hormone on plasma concentrations of corticosterone in market-weight male Toms","volume":"99","author":"Scanes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.15232\/aas.2024-02653","article-title":"Review: history of chromium in animal nutrition in the United States","volume":"41","author":"Spears","year":"2025","journal-title":"App. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0028","article-title":"Chromium propionate in Turkeys: effects on insulin sensitivity","volume":"103","author":"Spears","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0029","article-title":"Chromium propionate in turkeys: effect on performance and animal safety","volume":"103","author":"Spears","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6579","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez444","article-title":"Chromium propionate in broilers: human food and broiler safety","volume":"98","author":"Spears","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.03.005","article-title":"Chromium propionate improves performance and carcass traits in broilers","volume":"6","author":"Van Hoeck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29050924","article-title":"Chromium picolinate regulates bone metabolism and prevents bone loss in diabetic rats","volume":"29","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579126015713?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579126015713?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:05:20Z","timestamp":1793113520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579126015713"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579126015713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impacts of chromium propionate on Tom Turkey performance and removal rates during a 19-week production cycle","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107937","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107937"}}