{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:33:05Z","timestamp":1793115185571,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1300300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1300300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFF1000100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1000100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002365","name":"China Agricultural University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PC2024A02002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PC2024A02002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002365","name":"China Agricultural University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026TC107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026TC107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32302730"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302730"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:47:52Z","timestamp":1791672472000},"page":"107938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An integrated commercial poultry breeding framework for natural mating and animal welfare"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4752-2255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuo-Cheng","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2023.101010","article-title":"A smart IoT-based monitoring system in poultry farms using chicken behavioural analysis","volume":"25","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Internet Things"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2024.109401","article-title":"Cyber security in smart agriculture: threat types, current status, and future trends","volume":"226","author":"Alahe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105291","article-title":"Smart poultry management: smart sensors, big data, and the internet of things","volume":"170","author":"Astill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.952922","article-title":"Welfare issues and potential solutions for laying hens in free range and organic production systems: a review based on literature and interviews","volume":"9","author":"Bonnefous","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107397","article-title":"Optimization of genome editing strategies for targeted integration at chicken sex chromosome loci","volume":"105","author":"Cao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-009-9391-y","article-title":"The effect of the naked neck genotype (Nana), feeding and outdoor rearing on growth and carcass characteristics of free range broilers in a hot climate","volume":"42","author":"de Almeida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0007","unstructured":"FAO. 2023. FAOSTAT: crops and livestock products."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102157","article-title":"Using major genes to mitigate the deleterious effects of heat stress in poultry: an updated review","volume":"101","author":"Fathi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040599","article-title":"Analysis of conservation priorities and runs of homozygosity patterns for Chinese indigenous chicken breeds","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9426","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199426","article-title":"Genome editing in the chicken: from PGC-mediated germline transmission to advanced applications","volume":"26","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12162090","article-title":"The relationship between animal welfare and farm profitability in cage and free-range housing systems for laying hens in China","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.115.186650","article-title":"Is continued genetic improvement of livestock sustainable?","volume":"202","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12665","article-title":"Pedigree reconstruction from SNP data: parentage assignment, sibship clustering and beyond","volume":"17","author":"Huisman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41476-3","article-title":"Creating resistance to Avian influenza infection through genome editing of the ANP32 gene family","volume":"14","author":"Idoko-Akoh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10100591","article-title":"Appropriate genetic approaches for heat tolerance and maintaining good productivity in tropical poultry production: a review","volume":"10","author":"Juiputta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107384","article-title":"Sex chromosome\u2013targeted Cas9 knock-in and functional validation in chicken primordial germ cells","volume":"105","author":"Jung","year":"2026","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0017","first-page":"11","article-title":"Genotype by environment interaction in Nordic dairy cattle studied using reaction norms","volume":"52","author":"Kolmodin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Scand. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913827117","article-title":"Precise CRISPR\/Cas9 editing of the NHE1 gene renders chickens resistant to the J subgroup of avian leukosis virus","volume":"117","author":"Koslov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2024.109477","article-title":"Revealing in vivo broiler chicken growth state: integrating CT imaging and deep learning for non-invasive reproductive phenotypic measurement","volume":"227","author":"Kou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118000022","article-title":"Relationship between welfare and individual ranging behaviour in commercial free-range laying hens","volume":"12","author":"Larsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4656","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2061","article-title":"A relationship matrix including full pedigree and genomic information","volume":"92","author":"Legarra","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13691","article-title":"Reproductive skew, fighting costs and winner\u2013loser effects in social dominance evolution","volume":"91","author":"Leimar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119002155","article-title":"Review: automated techniques for monitoring the behaviour and welfare of broilers and laying hens: towards the goal of precision livestock farming","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711-015-0137-1","article-title":"Accuracy of estimated breeding values with genomic information on males, females, or both: an example on broiler chicken","volume":"47","author":"Lourenco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13122193","article-title":"Application of machine learning algorithms for on-farm monitoring and prediction of broilers\u2019 live weight: a quantitative study based on body weight data","volume":"13","author":"Lyu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.754934x","article-title":"Maximizing the response of selection with a predefined rate of inbreeding","volume":"75","author":"Meuwissen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/157.4.1819","article-title":"Prediction of total genetic value using genome-wide dense marker maps","volume":"157","author":"Meuwissen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00880","article-title":"Management of genetic diversity in the era of genomics","volume":"11","author":"Meuwissen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0029","first-page":"401","article-title":"Machine learning application in growth and health prediction of broiler chickens. World's","volume":"75","author":"Milosevic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0030","first-page":"413","article-title":"The role and diverse applications of machine learning in genetics, breeding, and biotechnology of livestock and poultry","volume":"16","author":"Mohammadabadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agric. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0031","first-page":"245","article-title":"Global poultry production: current state and future outlook and challenges. world's","volume":"73","author":"Mottet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2010.02.011","article-title":"Effects of climate changes on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems","volume":"130","author":"Nardone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12030232","article-title":"Automated tracking systems for the assessment of farmed poultry","volume":"12","author":"Neethirajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v48i5.7","article-title":"Global poultry production: current impact and future outlook on the South African poultry industry","volume":"48","author":"Nkukwana","year":"2019","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0035","unstructured":"OECD\/FAO. 2024. OECD-FAO agricultural outlook 2024-2033."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7128","DOI":"10.3390\/s23167128","article-title":"Enhancing smart agriculture by implementing digital twins: a comprehensive review","volume":"23","author":"Peladarinos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app122312339","article-title":"A real-time automated system for monitoring individual feed intake and body weight of group-housed young chickens","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26929","article-title":"High-throughput and cost-effective chicken genotyping using next-generation sequencing","volume":"6","author":"P\u00e9rtille","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0039","first-page":"1","article-title":"Data challenges and practical aspects of machine learning-based statistical methods for the analyses of poultry data to improve food safety and production efficiency","volume":"15","author":"Pitesky","year":"2020","journal-title":"CABI Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rea\u00f1o, R.A.L., A.V.O. Cuizon, E.M. Latayan, M.J.M. Onte, H.M. Ortega, J.P.D. Umali, and G.L. Andres. 2025. A machine vision-based broiler chicken weight detection system using deep learning with integrated automatic feed regulation. 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICoICT66265.2025.11193111"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731111002448","article-title":"Adaptation to hot climate and strategies to alleviate heat stress in livestock production","volume":"6","author":"Renaudeau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711-022-00746-2","article-title":"Managing genetic diversity in breeding programs of small populations: the case of French local chicken breeds","volume":"54","author":"Restoux","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9090614","article-title":"A systematic review of precision livestock farming in the poultry sector: is technology focussed on improving bird welfare?","volume":"9","author":"Rowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00456","article-title":"Applications of gene editing in chickens: a new era is on the horizon","volume":"9","author":"Sid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9686-32-3-231","article-title":"Mating schemes for optimum contribution selection with constrained rates of inbreeding","volume":"32","author":"Sonesson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9686-44-27","article-title":"Genomic selection requires genomic control of inbreeding","volume":"44","author":"Sonesson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey060","article-title":"Ranging behavior relates to welfare indicators pre- and post-range access in commercial free-range broilers","volume":"97","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2007-0980","article-title":"Efficient methods to compute genomic predictions","volume":"91","author":"VanRaden","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dairy. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0049","first-page":"4","article-title":"Genomic selection in layer and broiler breeding","volume":"49","author":"Wolc","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lohmann Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2527\/af.2016-0004","article-title":"Implementation of genomic selection in the poultry industry","volume":"6","author":"Wolc","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Front."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711-015-0133-5","article-title":"Response and inbreeding from a genomic selection experiment in layer chickens","volume":"47","author":"Wolc","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/jbg.12148","article-title":"Genetic contributions and their optimization","volume":"132","author":"Woolliams","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Breed. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.20.0248","article-title":"Identification of genes involved in inbreeding depression of reproduction in Langshan chickens","volume":"34","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105359","article-title":"Comprehensive duck DNA fingerprinting based on machine learning for breed identification","volume":"104","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10030419","article-title":"Comparison of the efficiency of BLUP and GBLUP in genomic prediction of immune traits in chickens","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182306","article-title":"Progress in genomic mating in domestic animals","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0057","article-title":"Development of an automatic weighing platform for monitoring bodyweight of broiler chickens in commercial production","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Agric. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104327","article-title":"Pedigree reconstruction based on genotype data in chickens","volume":"103","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579126015725?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579126015725?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:42:34Z","timestamp":1793112154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579126015725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579126015725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An integrated commercial poultry breeding framework for natural mating and animal welfare","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2026.107938","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107938"}}