{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:42:47Z","timestamp":1791931367435,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,14]],"date-time":"2011-01-14T07:08:51Z","timestamp":1294988931000},"page":"10-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":227,"title":["Aggression in psychiatry wards: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Cesare Maria","family":"Cornaggia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Beghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Pavone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Barale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0005","first-page":"3","article-title":"Frequency and severity of aggressive incidents in acute psychiatric wards in Switzerland","volume":"4","author":"Abderhalden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.045534","article-title":"Structured risk assessment and violence in acute psychiatric wards: randomised controlled trial.","volume":"193","author":"Abderhalden","year":"2008","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0015","first-page":"105","article-title":"Psicopatologia del comportamento violento: una review","volume":"2","author":"Amore","year":"1998","journal-title":"NOOs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2008.01790.x","article-title":"Predictors of violent behavior among acute psychiatric patients: clinical study","volume":"62","author":"Amore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1023\/B:COMH.0000035231.24472.bc","article-title":"Assessing psychiatric patients for violence","volume":"40","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Community Mental Health Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.9.1374","article-title":"Short-term clinical prediction of assaultive behavior: artifacts of research methods","volume":"150","author":"Apperson","year":"1993","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249103100406","article-title":"Violence by psychiatric in-patients","volume":"31","author":"Aquilina","year":"1991","journal-title":"Medicine, Science and the Law"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033396","article-title":"Violence in inpatients with schizophrenia: a prospective study","volume":"25","author":"Arango","year":"1999","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bullettin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1080\/000486700271","article-title":"Prevalence and precipitants of aggression in psychiatric inpatient units","volume":"34","author":"Barlow","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.9.1272","article-title":"Utility of the initial therapeutic alliance in evaluating psychiatric patients' risk of violence","volume":"154","author":"Beauford","year":"1997","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04753yel","article-title":"Beliefs about voices and aggressive behavior in inpatients in an acute psychiatric setting","volume":"71","author":"Berman","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181bb0d6b","article-title":"Violent behavior in acute psychiatric inpatient facilities: a national survey in Italy","volume":"197","author":"Biancosino","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9450.00098","article-title":"A ten-year prospective study of aggression in a special secure unit for dangerous patients","volume":"40","author":"Bj\u00f8rkly","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0070","first-page":"771","article-title":"Can prediction of violence among psychiatric inpatients be improved?","volume":"41","author":"Blomhoff","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hospital & Community Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370404900206","article-title":"Social, demographic, and clinical factors related to disruptive behaviour in hospital","volume":"49","author":"Boggild","year":"2004","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2850.2002.00492.x","article-title":"Safety and security policies on psychiatric acute admission wards: results from a London-wide survey","volume":"9","author":"Bowers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-003-0648-x","article-title":"Patient\u2013staff conflict: results of a survey on acute psychiatric wards","volume":"38","author":"Bowers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2006.00931.x","article-title":"Preliminary outcomes of a trial to reduce conflict and containment on acute psychiatric wards: city nurses","volume":"13","author":"Bowers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.04101.x","article-title":"Junior staffing changes and the temporal ecology of adverse incidents in acute psychiatric wards","volume":"57","author":"Bowers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840802710829","article-title":"Identifying key factors associated with aggression on acute inpatient psychiatric wards","volume":"30","author":"Bowers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Issues in Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379303800206","article-title":"The reduction of violence in a chronic psychiatric inpatient group: a social technique","volume":"38","author":"Carlile","year":"1993","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670701881520","article-title":"Adverse incidents in acute psychiatric inpatient units: rates, correlates and pressures","volume":"42","author":"Carr","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-7657.2007.00548.x","article-title":"Verbal and physical abuse against nurses in Turkey","volume":"54","author":"Celik","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Nursing Review"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.11.1305","article-title":"Risk factors for aggressive behavior among psychiatric inpatients","volume":"55","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249703700112","article-title":"A prospective study of assaults on staff by psychiatric in-patients","volume":"37","author":"Cheung","year":"1997","journal-title":"Medicine, Science and the Law"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1053\/apnu.2002.34394","article-title":"Factors relevant to patient assaultive behavior and assault in acute inpatient psychiatric units in Taiwan","volume":"16","author":"Chou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0135","first-page":"1112","article-title":"Characteristics of repeatedly assaultive psychiatric inpatients","volume":"41","author":"Convit","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hospital & Community Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03122.x","article-title":"A prospective study of patient assaults on nurses in a provincial psychiatric hospital in Canada","volume":"84","author":"Cooper","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-0979.2003.00270.x","article-title":"De-escalating aggression and violence in the mental health setting","volume":"12","author":"Cowin","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/1478994031000074306","article-title":"A preliminary investigation into patterns of aggression in an Australian forensic psychiatric hospital","volume":"14","author":"Daffern","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0349.2006.00408.x","article-title":"Staff gender ratio and aggression in a forensic psychiatric hospital","volume":"15","author":"Daffern","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1375\/pplt.14.1.17","article-title":"The interaction between individual characteristics and the function of aggression in forensic psychiatric inpatients","volume":"4","author":"Daffern","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry, Psychology and law"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0160","first-page":"585","article-title":"Violence by psychiatric inpatients: a review","volume":"42","author":"Davis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hospital & Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.4.303","article-title":"Violence risk prediction. Clinical and actuarial measures and the role of the psychopathy checklist","volume":"177","author":"Dolan","year":"2000","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2008.11.002","article-title":"Antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy in women: a literature review on the reliability and validity of assessment instruments","volume":"32","author":"Dolan","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2850.2002.00535.x","article-title":"Violence risk assessment: combining actuarial and clinical information to structure clinical judgements for the formulation and management of risk","volume":"9","author":"Doyle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.739","article-title":"Evaluating the validity of anger regulation problems, interpersonal style, and disturbed mental state for predicting inpatient violence","volume":"24","author":"Doyle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840601096321","article-title":"Self-efficacy and locus of control affect management of aggression by mental health nurses","volume":"28","author":"Dunn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Issues of Mental Health Nurses"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2005.03426.x","article-title":"Causes and management of patient aggression and violence: staff and patient perspectives","volume":"50","author":"Duxbury","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/002580240004000210","article-title":"Prediction of violence on a psychiatric intensive care unit","volume":"40","author":"Eaton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Medicine, Science and the Law"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200110000-00009","article-title":"Violence in treatment resistant psychotic inpatients","volume":"189","author":"Ehmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.30.5.166","article-title":"Aggressive behaviour in an acute general adult psychiatric unit","volume":"30","author":"El-Badri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatric Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.537","article-title":"The intricate link between violence and mental disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"66","author":"Elbogen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01162.x","article-title":"Accidents and incidents involving patients in a mental health service","volume":"19","author":"Fairlie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s11089-005-2335-1","article-title":"Social isolation, impulsivity and depression as predictors of aggression in a psychiatric inpatient population","volume":"76","author":"Ferguson","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Psychiatric Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244274","article-title":"Violence and the lax milieu?: preliminary data","volume":"67","author":"Flannery","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Psychiatric Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024751318121","article-title":"Characteristics of violent versus nonviolent patients with schizophrenia","volume":"69","author":"Flannery","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Psychiatric Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0240","first-page":"155","article-title":"Characteristics of patients in restraint: six year analysis of the Assaulted Staff Action Program (ASAP)","volume":"3","author":"Flannery","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Emergency Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-006-9029-4","article-title":"Psychiatric patient assault and staff victim gender: fifteen-year analysis of the Assaulted Staff Action Program (ASAP)","volume":"78","author":"Flannery","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Psychiatric Quarterly"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.03.010","article-title":"Incidence and clinical correlates of aggression and violence at presentation in patients with first episode psychosis","volume":"72","author":"Foley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04169.x","article-title":"Aggressive behaviour on acute psychiatric wards: prevalence, severity and management","volume":"58","author":"Foster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.56.6.711","article-title":"Ethnic differences in prediction of violence risk with the HCR-20 among psychiatric inpatients","volume":"56","author":"Fujii","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.106.s412.9.x","article-title":"Management of violence in the workplace: a New Zealand survey","volume":"412","author":"Gale","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199003000-00013","article-title":"Aggression and counteraggression during child psychiatric hospitalization","volume":"29","author":"Garrison","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199703)12:3<384::AID-GPS525>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"A study of aggression among referrals to a community-based psychiatry of old age service","volume":"12","author":"Gibbons","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000253748.47641.99","article-title":"Predictors of aggression on the psychiatric inpatient service: self-esteem, narcissism, and theory of mind deficits","volume":"195","author":"Goldberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679309075785","article-title":"Assault on staff in psychiatric hospitals: a safety issue","volume":"27","author":"Grainger","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00292.x","article-title":"Characteristics of violent behaviour in acute psychiatric in-patients: a 5-year Italian study","volume":"104","author":"Grassi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-006-0088-5","article-title":"Violence in psychiatric units: a 7-year Italian study of persistently assaultive patients","volume":"41","author":"Grassi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2008.08.002","article-title":"Creatine kinase associated with aggressive behavior in psychiatric patients","volume":"30","author":"Grube","year":"2008","journal-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0305","first-page":"337","article-title":"Criminality and violence in epileptic prisoners","volume":"188","author":"Gunn","year":"1973","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0310","series-title":"Crimes of Violence by Mentally Abnormal Offenders","author":"Hafner","year":"1982"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840305314","article-title":"Assaults and nonpatient-induced injuries among psychiatric nursing staff in Bahrain","volume":"24","author":"Hamadeh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Issues in Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840802701083","article-title":"A review of ecological factors affecting inpatient psychiatric unit violence: implications for relational and unit cultural improvements","volume":"30","author":"Hamrin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Issues in Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.63.4.668","article-title":"Aggression against self and aggression against others in violent psychiatric patients","volume":"63","author":"Hillbrand","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.1o109.x","article-title":"Obstetrical complications, parenting practices and risk of criminal behaviour among persons who develop major mental disorders","volume":"105","author":"Hodgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.50.11.1461","article-title":"Clinical prediction of assaultive behavior among male psychiatric patients at a maximum-security forensic facility","volume":"50","author":"Hoptman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.156.6.846","article-title":"An increase in violence on an acute psychiatric ward. A study of associated factors","volume":"156","author":"James","year":"1990","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2008.01261.x","article-title":"Patient aggression in clinical psychiatry: perceptions of mental health nurses","volume":"15","author":"Jonker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370805300713","article-title":"Nature and frequency of aggressive behaviours among long-term inpatients with schizophrenia: a 6-month report using the modified overt aggression scale","volume":"53","author":"Joyal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2007.01049.x","article-title":"Characteristics of aggression in a German psychiatric hospital and predictors of patients at risk","volume":"14","author":"Ketelsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.1.38","article-title":"Prospective study into factors associated with aggressive incidents in psychiatric acute admission wards","volume":"172","author":"Kho","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.3.459","article-title":"Gender differences in violent behaviors: relationship to clinical symptoms and psychosocial factors","volume":"161","author":"Krakowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.51.9.1167","article-title":"The relationship between patients' gender and violence leading to staff injuries","volume":"51","author":"Lam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2004.07.004","article-title":"Evaluating risk factors for violence at the inpatient unit level: combining young adult patients and those with mental retardation","volume":"18","author":"LePage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Applied Nursing Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2009.01425.x","article-title":"Ward safety perceived by ward managers in Britain, Germany and Switzerland: identifying factors that improve ability to deal with violence","volume":"16","author":"Lepping","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09578.x","article-title":"Predictors of imminent violence in psychiatric inpatients","volume":"92","author":"Linaker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-005-1918-5","article-title":"Forensische Patienten und Patienten der Allgemeinpsychiatrie Bilden Prognoseinstrumente unterschiedliche Gewaltt\u00e4terrisiken ab?","volume":"77","author":"Lincoln","year":"2006","journal-title":"Der Nervenarzt"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260504266883","article-title":"Assaultive behavior in state psychiatric hospitals: differences between forensic and nonforensic patients","volume":"19","author":"Linhorst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-100103972","article-title":"Day\u2013night variation in aggressive behavior among psychiatric inpatients","volume":"18","author":"Manfredini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chronobiology International"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979-007-9094-8","article-title":"Examining the role of static and dynamic risk factors in the prediction of inpatient violence: variable- and person-focused analyses","volume":"32","author":"McDermott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Law and Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0410","first-page":"133","article-title":"The relationship between acute psychiatric symptoms, diagnosis, and short-term risk of violence","volume":"45","author":"McNiel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hospital & Community Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.51.10.1288","article-title":"The relationship between command hallucinations and violence","volume":"51","author":"McNiel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.47.7.721","article-title":"The importance of ward atmosphere in inpatient treatment of schizophrenia on short-term units","volume":"47","author":"Melle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.9.1368","article-title":"Profiles and predictors of assaultiveness for different psychiatric ward populations","volume":"150","author":"Miller","year":"1993","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.52.4.521","article-title":"Ward crowding and incidents of violence on an acute psychiatric inpatient unit","volume":"52","author":"Ng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2008.11.007","article-title":"Forensic psychiatric inpatients and aggression: an exploration of incidence, prevalence, severity, and interventions by gender","volume":"32","author":"Nicholls","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.50.6.830","article-title":"Crowding and aggression on inpatient psychiatric wards","volume":"50","author":"Nijman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.54.7.1012","article-title":"Characteristics of assaultive behavior among psychiatric inpatients","volume":"54","author":"Nolan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2004.04.010","article-title":"Aggression and psychopathology in treatment-resistant inpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder","volume":"39","author":"Nolan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/080394802317607192","article-title":"Incidents of violence in psychiatric inpatient care","volume":"56","author":"Om\u00e9rov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1159\/000284988","article-title":"Aggression among psychiatric inpatients in Greece","volume":"29","author":"Oulis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.49.11.1452","article-title":"Violence and aggression in psychiatric units","volume":"49","author":"Owen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06470.x","article-title":"Risk factors for aggressive behaviour are of limited value in predicting the violent behaviour of acute involuntarily admitted patients","volume":"81","author":"Palmstierna","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1939.tb00704.x","article-title":"Mental disease and crime: outline of a comparative study of European statistics","volume":"18","author":"Penrose","year":"1939","journal-title":"The British Journal of Medical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0480","first-page":"163","article-title":"The use of restraint and seclusion in different racial groups in an inpatient forensic setting","volume":"32","author":"Price","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.58.4.521","article-title":"Categorization of aggressive acts committed by chronically assaultive state hospital patients","volume":"58","author":"Quanbeck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0490","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hostility and violence of acute psychiatric inpatients","volume":"29","author":"Raja","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00788184","article-title":"Aggressive and violent behavior in a population of psychiatric inpatients","volume":"32","author":"Raja","year":"1997","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2008.10.009","article-title":"Risk of homicide and major mental disorders: a critical review","volume":"35","author":"Richard-Devantoy","year":"2009","journal-title":"L'Enc\u00e9phale"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-8343(91)90022-O","article-title":"Violence in psychiatric wards. Role of the lax milieu","volume":"13","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1991","journal-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-003-1475-8","article-title":"Gibt es ein T\u00e4terprofil des aggressiven Psychiatrie-Patienten?","volume":"74","author":"R\u00fcesch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Der Nervenarzt"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0515","first-page":"331","article-title":"Predictors of aggressiveness in schizophrenic patients treated in inpatient forensic institutions","volume":"32","author":"Ruzi\u0107","year":"2008","journal-title":"Collegium Antropologicum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0520","first-page":"23","article-title":"Epidemiology of violent behaviour in wards of adult psychiatry: an analysis of the Swiss canton of Fribourg","volume":"1612010","author":"Salamin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schweizer Archiv f\u00fcr Neurologie und Psychiatrie"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0525","first-page":"16","article-title":"Borderline personality and criminality","volume":"6","author":"Sansone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2000.05.14.35.33.c2838","article-title":"Aggressive incidents on a psychiatric intensive care unit","volume":"14","author":"Saverimuttu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nursing Standard"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2004.07.031","article-title":"Predictors of aggression on the psychiatric inpatient service","volume":"46","author":"Serper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390701684554","article-title":"Neuropsychological and symptom predictors of aggression on the psychiatric inpatient service","volume":"30","author":"Serper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249303300308","article-title":"An increase in violence among psychiatric inpatients: real or apparent?","volume":"33","author":"Shah","year":"1993","journal-title":"Medicine, Science and the Law"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03149.x","article-title":"Violence among psychiatric inpatients","volume":"84","author":"Shah","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0555","first-page":"776","article-title":"Precipitants of violence in a psychiatric inpatient setting","volume":"41","author":"Sheridan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hospital & Community Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(01)00607-1","article-title":"Violence and its prediction at a psychiatric hospital","volume":"16","author":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.52.1.75","article-title":"Risk factors and correlates of violence among acutely ill adult psychiatric inpatients","volume":"52","author":"Soliman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0570","first-page":"816","article-title":"Explaining the increate arrest rate among mental patients: the changing clientele of the state hospitals","volume":"135","author":"Steadman","year":"1974","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.106.s412.29.x","article-title":"Prediction of inpatient violence","volume":"412","author":"Steinert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.50.1.85","article-title":"Aggressive behavior against self and others among first-admission patients with schizophrenia","volume":"50","author":"Steinert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.7.1011","article-title":"Workplace assaults on minority health and mental health care workers in Los Angeles","volume":"85","author":"Sullivan","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0590","first-page":"605","article-title":"Violence and psychiatric disorder in community: evidence from epidemiologic catchment area surveys","volume":"40","author":"Swanson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hospital & Community Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.48.9.1177","article-title":"Use of the NOSIE to predict assaults among acute psychiatric patients. Nurses' observational scale for inpatient evaluation","volume":"48","author":"Swett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.47.1.86","article-title":"Patterns of violent incidents by patients in a general hospital psychiatric facility","volume":"47","author":"Tam","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0605","first-page":"93","article-title":"Malattia mentale e violenza","volume":"2","author":"Tardiff","year":"1998","journal-title":"NOOs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.5.426","article-title":"Violent behaviour in schizophrenia. Retrospective study of four independent samples from Prague, 1949 to 2000","volume":"187","author":"Vevera","year":"2005","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979-008-9155-7","article-title":"Predicting short-term institutional aggression in forensic patients: a multi-trait method for understanding subtypes of aggression","volume":"33","author":"Vitacco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Law and Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(03)00091-4","article-title":"Predicting violence in schizophrenia: a prospective study","volume":"67","author":"Walsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.27.8.295","article-title":"Psychological and emotional problems in staff following assaults by patients","volume":"27","author":"Wildgoose","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatric Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.106.s412.31.x","article-title":"Violence in a general hospital: comparison of assailant and other assault-related factors on accident and emergency and inpatient wards","volume":"412","author":"Winstanley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2007.01149.x","article-title":"Violence and aggression: a literature review","volume":"14","author":"Woods","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178110007924?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178110007924?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]],"date-time":"2023-06-04T17:32:12Z","timestamp":1685899932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178110007924"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165178110007924"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}}}