{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:29:33Z","timestamp":1791142173192,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,11]],"date-time":"2013-11-11T02:00:25Z","timestamp":1384135225000},"page":"202-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Association between gene variants and response to buprenorphine maintenance treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"215","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4987-6818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto","family":"Gerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Somaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Icro","family":"Maremmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Manfredini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Donnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(97)00292-4","article-title":"Characterizing \u201cnonresponsive\u201d methadone patients","volume":"15","author":"Belding","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02287318","article-title":"The long-term outcomes of drug use by methadone maintenance patients","volume":"30","author":"Bovasso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30319","article-title":"Association between the DRD2 A1 allele and response to methadone and buprenorphine maintenance treatments","volume":"141","author":"Barratt","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B. Neuropsychiatric Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.20.2517","article-title":"Pharmacogenomics in schizophrenia: the quest for individualized therapy","volume":"11","author":"Basile","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300839","article-title":"Association between dopamine transporter (DAT1) genotype, left-sided inattention, and an enhanced response to methylphenidate in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"30","author":"Bellgrove","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-011-8206-0","article-title":"Can the chronic administration of the combination of buprenorphine and naloxone block dopaminergic activity causing anti-reward and relapse potential?","volume":"44","author":"Blum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2012.685407","article-title":"The addictive brain: all roads lead to dopamine","volume":"44","author":"Blum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199502000-00008","article-title":"Buprenorphine treatment of refractory depression","volume":"15","author":"Bodkin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5029","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0854-05.2005","article-title":"Endogenous kappa-opioid receptor systems regulate mesoaccumbal dopamine dynamics and vulnerability to cocaine","volume":"25","author":"Chefer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10362","article-title":"Potentially functional polymorphism in the promoter region of prodynorphin gene may be associated with protection against cocaine dependence or abuse","volume":"114","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta11090","article-title":"Methadone and buprenorphine for the management of opioid dependence: a systematic review and economic evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Connock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Technology Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001641","article-title":"Association of the dopamine transporter (DAT1) 10\/10-repeat genotype with ADHD symptoms and response inhibition in a general population sample","volume":"10","author":"Cornish","year":"2005","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2011.08.013","article-title":"Association of the DAT1 genotype with inattentive behavior is mediated by reading ability in a general population sample","volume":"77","author":"Cornish","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-006-9014-3","article-title":"Common human 5\u2032 dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) haplotypes yield varying expression levels in vivo","volume":"26","author":"Drgon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell and Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib15","series-title":"Intervista Clinica Strutturata per il DSM-III-R.","author":"Fava","year":"1993"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.tpj.6500026","article-title":"The VNTR polymorphism of the human dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene affects gene expression","volume":"1","author":"Fuke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2003.11.017","article-title":"Buprenorphine versus methadone for opioid dependence: predictor variables for treatment outcome","volume":"75","author":"Gerra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210500223769","article-title":"Allelic association of a dopamine transporter gene polymorphism with antisocial behavior in heroin-dependent patients","volume":"10","author":"Gerra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2005.10.007","article-title":"Buprenorphine treatment outcome in dually diagnosed heroin dependent patients: a retrospective study","volume":"30","author":"Gerra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Progress in Neuropharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30510","article-title":"Human kappa opioid receptor gene (OPRK1) polymorphism is associated with opiate addiction","volume":"144","author":"Gerra","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B. Neuropsychiatric Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.08.064","article-title":"Rapid regulation of dopamine transporter function by substrates, blockers and presynaptic receptor ligands","volume":"479","author":"Gulley","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000245759.13997.9d","article-title":"Innovations in agonist maintenance treatment of opioid-dependent patients","volume":"19","author":"Haasen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fpc.0000170917.04275.d6","article-title":"Dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) 5' region haplotypes significantly affect transcriptional activity in vitro but are not associated with Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Kelada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics and Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20071","article-title":"Association of the 480bp DAT1 allele with methylphenidate response in a sample of Irish children with ADHD","volume":"121","author":"Kirley","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B. Neuropsychiatric Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(90)90035-O","article-title":"Depressive symptoms during buprenorphine treatment of opioid abusers","volume":"7","author":"Kosten","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1978.10481567","article-title":"Small-sample comparisons of exact levels for chi-squared goodness-of-fit statistics","volume":"73","author":"Larntz","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20001009)96:5<592::AID-AJMG3>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"The D(2) dopamine receptor A(1) allele and opioid dependence: association with heroin use and response to methadone treatment","volume":"96","author":"Lawford","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30447","article-title":"Association of dopamine transporter genotype with disruptive behavior disorders in an eight-year longitudinal study of children and adolescents","volume":"144","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B. Neuropsychiatric Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.120.6.1218","article-title":"The human mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphism 118A>G decreases cortical activation in response to specific nociceptive stimulation","volume":"120","author":"L\u00f6tsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1997.11.3.279","article-title":"Interrater reliability and internal consistency of the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II personality disorders (SCID-II), version 2.0","volume":"11","author":"Maffei","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820190067007","article-title":"Adult outcome of hyperactive boys. Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status","volume":"50","author":"Mannuzza","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib30","first-page":"CD002207","article-title":"Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence","volume":"2","author":"Mattick","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060170067","article-title":"Antecedents of opioid dependence and personality disorder: attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder","volume":"251","author":"Modestin","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3623(98)00020-2","article-title":"Interactions of buprenorphine and selective dopamine receptor antagonists in the rat nucleus accumbens","volume":"31","author":"Nantwi","year":"1998","journal-title":"General Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00163-0","article-title":"Double-blind randomized trial of buprenorphine and methadone in opiate dependence","volume":"62","author":"Petitjean","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib37","series-title":"Structured Interview for Personality Disorders, revised version","author":"Pfohl","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2003.10.003","article-title":"Clinical profile of responders to buprenorphine as a substitution treatment in heroin addicts: results of a multicenter study of 73 patients","volume":"28","author":"Poirier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Progress in Neuropharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(91)90028-Y","article-title":"Buprenorphine responders: a diagnostic subgroup of heroin addicts?","volume":"15","author":"Resnick","year":"1991","journal-title":"Progress in Neuropharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3458.2002.tb00235.x","article-title":"Buprenorphine: an analgesic with an expanding role in the treatment of opioid addiction","volume":"8","author":"Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"CNS Drug Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(99)00074-4","article-title":"An open-label study of a functional opioid kappa antagonist in the treatment of opioid dependence","volume":"18","author":"Rothman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0485-1","article-title":"The effects of chronic buprenorphine on intake of heroin and cocaine in rats and its effects on nucleus accumbens dopamine levels during self-administration","volume":"188","author":"Sorge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib44","series-title":"Structured Clinical Interview According to DSM-III-R","author":"Spitzer","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199602000-00010","article-title":"Buprenorphine versus methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence: self-reports, urinalysis, and addiction severity index","volume":"16","author":"Strain","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.11.1000","article-title":"Moderate-vs. high-dose methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized trial","volume":"281","author":"Strain","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA:Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10005","article-title":"Major coexpression of kappa-opioid receptors and the dopamine transporter in nucleus accumbens axonal profiles","volume":"42","author":"Svingos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9333","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-24-09333.2000","article-title":"Kappa-opioid receptor activation modifies dopamine uptake in the nucleus accumbens and opposes the effects of cocaine","volume":"20","author":"Thompson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.053652","article-title":"Striatal dopamine transporter availability associated with polymorphisms in the dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3","volume":"50","author":"van de Giessen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0888-7543(05)80138-7","article-title":"Human dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) maps to chromosome 5p15.3 and displays a VNTR","volume":"14","author":"Vandenbergh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200412000-00002","article-title":"Redefinition of the human kappa opioid receptor gene (OPRK1) structure and association of haplotypes with opiate addiction","volume":"14","author":"Yuferov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30453","article-title":"A meta-analysis of association studies between the 10-repeat allele of a VNTR polymorphism in the 3\u2032-UTR of dopamine transporter gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"144","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B. Neuropsychiatric Genetics"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178113006914?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178113006914?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T05:21:39Z","timestamp":1759036899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178113006914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165178113006914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between gene variants and response to buprenorphine maintenance treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.11.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}