{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T17:24:11Z","timestamp":1779902651553,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["psy-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,28]],"date-time":"2014-05-28T08:01:45Z","timestamp":1401264105000},"page":"536-542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Forgiveness and PTSD among veterans: The mediating role of anger and negative affect"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Kara\u0131rmak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berna","family":"G\u00fclo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib1","series-title":"Sacrificial Limbs of Sovereignty: Disabled Veterans, Masculinity, and Nationalist Politics in Turkey. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation)","author":"A\u00e7\u0131ks\u00f6z","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.1.69","article-title":"Predicting PTSD symptoms in victims of violent crime: the role of shame, anger, and childhood abuse","volume":"109","author":"Andrews","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","author":"Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011156505957","article-title":"A study of the validity of a screening instrument for traumatic stress in earthquake survivors in Turkey","volume":"14","author":"Ba\u015fo\u011flu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib5","series-title":"Mental Health Care Model for Mass Trauma Survivors: Control Focused Treatment of Earthquake, War, and Torture Trauma","author":"Ba\u015fo\u011flu","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(98)00018-4","article-title":"Interpersonal hostility and violence in Vietnam combat veterans with chronic PTSD: a review of theoretical models and empirical evidence","volume":"5","author":"Beckham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib7","series-title":"EQS 6 Structural Equations Program Manual","author":"Bentler","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124187016001004","article-title":"Practical issues in structural modeling","volume":"16","author":"Bentler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sociological Methods and Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01682.x","article-title":"Psychological resilience after disaster: New York City in the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attack","volume":"17","author":"Bonanno","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1997.tb02448.x","article-title":"Gender and Emotions: beyond stereotypes","volume":"53","author":"Brody","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Social Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib10","series-title":"Investigation of Social-cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral Variables as Predictors of Self-forgiveness. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation)","author":"Bugay","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2004.10.012","article-title":"Forgiveness and chronic low back pain: a preliminary study examining the relationship of forgiveness to pain, anger, and psychological distress","volume":"6","author":"Carson","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1037\/h0094024","article-title":"Truth commissions and intergroup forgiveness: the case of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, peace and conflict","volume":"13","author":"Chapman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Peace Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490100104","article-title":"Anger regulation deficits in combat-related PTSD","volume":"10","author":"Chemtob","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026439102180","article-title":"Hostility and hope in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a look back at combat as compared to today","volume":"25","author":"Crowson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"5789","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128944","article-title":"The psychological risks of Vietnam for U.S. veterans: a revisit with new data and methods","volume":"313","author":"Dohrenwend","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025470","article-title":"The relationship between trauma and forgiveness in post-conflict Sierra Leone","volume":"4","author":"Doran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20315","article-title":"Mechanisms of anger and treatment outcome in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"21","author":"Forbes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/10615800701303215","article-title":"Psychological and health problems in a geographically proximate population time-sampled continuously for three months after September 11th, 2001 terrorist incidents","volume":"20","author":"Ford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anxiety, Stress and Coping"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.1039","article-title":"Short communication: September 11th related stress and trauma in New Yorkers","volume":"21","author":"Friedberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stress and Health"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib27","first-page":"19","article-title":"Pozitif ve negatif duygu \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi: Ge\u00e7erlik ve g\u00fcvenirlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131","volume":"15","author":"Gen\u00e7\u00f6z","year":"2000","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk Psikoloji Dergisi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/15325020903382350","article-title":"Counterfactual thinking, coping strategies, and coping resources as predictors of PTSD diagnosed in physically injured victims of terror attacks","volume":"15","author":"Gilbar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Loss and Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.10.1777","article-title":"PTSD and depression in battle-injured soldiers","volume":"163","author":"Grieger","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib30","first-page":"234","article-title":"G\u00fcneydo\u011fu gazilerinde travma sonras\u0131 stress bozuklu\u011fu geli\u015fimi","volume":"14","author":"G\u00fclo\u011flu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-006-9123-y","article-title":"Masculinity ideology and forgiveness of racial discrimination among African American Men: direct and interactive relationships","volume":"55","author":"Hammond","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20812","article-title":"Forgiveness, depression, and suicidal behavior among a diverse sample of college students","volume":"67","author":"Hirsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20258","article-title":"Anger, hostility, and aggression among Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans reporting PTSD and subthreshold PTSD","volume":"20","author":"Jakupcak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00848374","article-title":"Social health and the forgiving heart: The type B story","volume":"15","author":"Kaplan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-007X.2001.tb00204.x","article-title":"Toward forgiveness: the role of shame, guilt, anger and empathy","volume":"46","author":"Konstam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Counseling Values"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.2.276","article-title":"Increased PTSD risk with combat-related injury: a matched comparison study of injured and uninjured soldiers experiencing the same combat event","volume":"162","author":"Koren","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-011-9502-8","article-title":"Affective and behavioral changes following exposure to traumatic events: the moderating effect of religiosity on avoidance behavior among students studying under a high level of terror event exposure","volume":"50","author":"Korn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Religion and Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20278","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms in soldiers returning from combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"20","author":"Lapierre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-005-3665-2","article-title":"The unique effects of forgiveness on health: an exploration of pathways","volume":"28","author":"Lawler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.27.3.259","article-title":"The new psychology of men","volume":"27","author":"Levant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Professional Psychology: Research and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2012.31.1.28","article-title":"Differentiating dispositional self-forgiveness from other-forgiveness: associations with mental health and life satisfaction","volume":"31","author":"Macaskill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204007305527","article-title":"Unraveling the link between trauma and delinquency: the mediating role of negative affect and delinquent peer exposure","volume":"6","author":"Masci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib502","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2000.19.1.43","article-title":"Forgiveness as human strength: theory, measurement, andlinks to well-being","volume":"19","author":"McCullough","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-008-9217-5","article-title":"The social production of altruism: motivations for caring action in a low-income urban community","volume":"43","author":"Mattis","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20350","article-title":"A prospective study of trait anger and PTSD symptoms in police","volume":"21","author":"Meffert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014855924072","article-title":"Anger and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"15","author":"Novaco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/10926770802473908","article-title":"The relationship between maladaptive cognitions, anger expression, and posttraumatic stress disorder among veterans in residential treatment","volume":"17","author":"Owens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib48","first-page":"26","article-title":"Study of trait anger and anger expression scale","volume":"31","author":"\u00d6zer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Turkish Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib50","first-page":"250","article-title":"Physiological and psychological correlates of forgiveness","volume":"20","author":"Seybold","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Psychology and Christianity"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930441000175","article-title":"Forgiveness as mediator of the relationship between PTSD and hostility in survivors of childhood abuse","volume":"19","author":"Snyder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib54","series-title":"Sociological Methodology","first-page":"290","article-title":"Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models","author":"Sobel","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib55","series-title":"State-trait Anger Expression Inventory","author":"Spielberger","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-008-9172-5","article-title":"Negative affect and anger rumination as mediators between forgiveness and sleep quality","volume":"31","author":"Stoia-Caraballo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20197","article-title":"Aggression among combat veterans: relationships with combat exposure and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, dysphoria, and anxiety","volume":"20","author":"Taft","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib58","series-title":"A New Psychology of Men","first-page":"1129","article-title":"Masculinity ideologies: a review of research instrumentation on men and masculinities","author":"Thompson","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2005.00311.x","article-title":"Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations","volume":"73","author":"Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Personality"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2012.75.2.135","article-title":"The role of coping, resilience, and social support in mediating the relation between PTSD and social functioning in veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan","volume":"75","author":"Tsai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","article-title":"Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales","volume":"54","author":"Watson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3109\/09638280903166360","article-title":"Forgiveness and health-related outcomes among people with spinal cord injury","volume":"32","author":"Webb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1177\/00100002030004008","article-title":"Sex differences in emotion:a critical review of the literature and implications for counseling psychology","volume":"30","author":"Wester","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Counseling Psychologist"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000029270.47848.e5","article-title":"Posttraumatic mental and physical health correlates of forgiveness and religious coping in military veterans","volume":"17","author":"Wivliet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.4.520","article-title":"Course and predictors of PTSD among Gulf War veterans: a prospective analysis","volume":"67","author":"Wolfe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178114003953?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178114003953?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T20:52:55Z","timestamp":1538599975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178114003953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165178114003953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Forgiveness and PTSD among veterans: The mediating role of anger and negative affect","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}