{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:24:00Z","timestamp":1785151440541,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"our clinical research staff and Iris Remmlinger-Marten for excellent technical assistance"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["psy-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,20]],"date-time":"2014-12-20T04:27:14Z","timestamp":1419049634000},"page":"97-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis activity in patients with pathological gambling and internet use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Geisel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Panneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Hellweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Wiedemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian A.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.07.003","article-title":"Genetic variants within the dopaminergic system interact to modulate endocrine stress reactivity and recovery","volume":"216","author":"Alexander","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2282","article-title":"Stress and addiction: glucocorticoid receptor in dopaminoceptive neurons facilitates cocaine seeking","volume":"12","author":"Ambroggi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1991.tb03463.x","article-title":"Genomic effects of cold and isolation stress on magnocellular vasopressin mRNA-containing cells in the hypothalamus of the rat","volume":"56","author":"Angulo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib56","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Associtation (American Psychiatric Associtation (APA), 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Ed., Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR),Washington, D.C."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib4","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)","author":"American Psychiatric Associtation (APA)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib5","series-title":"Pathological Gambling: A Clinical Guide to Treatment","article-title":"Clinical characteristics","author":"Argo","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2010.00230.x","article-title":"Altered neural response of the appetitive emotional system in cocaine addiction: an fMRI Study","volume":"15","author":"Asensio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.02.007","article-title":"Gender-specific impact of brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling on stress-induced depression-like behavior","volume":"66","author":"Autry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.04.035","article-title":"Ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation correlates with impulsivity in alcoholics","volume":"66","author":"Beck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59136","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059136","article-title":"Association of PER2 genotype and stressful life events with alcohol drinking inyoung adults","volume":"8","author":"Blomeyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.06.043","article-title":"The neurobiology and genetics of impulse control disorders: relationships to drug addictions","volume":"75","author":"Brewer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.04.015","article-title":"Nature vs. nurture: can enrichment rescue the behavioural phenotype of BDNF heterozygous mice?","volume":"192","author":"Chourbaji","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.06.016","article-title":"The impact of environmental enrichment on sex-specific neurochemical circuitries \u2013 effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the serotonergic system","volume":"220","author":"Chourbaji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2009.05.002","article-title":"The NGF saga: from animal models of psychosocial stress to stress-related psychopathology","volume":"30","author":"Cirulli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1296.022","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and vulnerability to psychostimulant drugs: toward substrate and mechanism","volume":"1018","author":"De Jong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib14","unstructured":"Dilling, H., Mombour, W., Schmidt, M.H., 2013. Internationale Klassifikation psychischer St\u00f6rungen: ICD-10 Kapitel V, Auflage: 9., \u00fcberarb. Aufl. ed. Verlag Hans Huber, Bern."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.02.013","article-title":"A neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders","volume":"59","author":"Duman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1312592","article-title":"Sex, stress, and mood disorders: at the intersection of adrenal and gonadal hormones","volume":"44","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Guasti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hormone and Metabolic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05420.x","article-title":"Shared brain vulnerabilities open the way for nonsubstance addictions: carving addiction at a new joint?","volume":"1187","author":"Frascella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20658","article-title":"CREB, neurogenesis and depression","volume":"29","author":"Gass","year":"2007","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1159\/000338281","article-title":"Altered serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with pathological gambling","volume":"18","author":"Geisel","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Addiction Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.12.020","article-title":"Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with internet use disorder","volume":"209","author":"Geisel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000346110","article-title":"Atrial natriuretic peptide, arginine vasopressin peptide and cortisol serum levels in opiate-dependent patients","volume":"67","author":"Glahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1159\/000357473","article-title":"Alcohol-induced changes in methylation status of individual CpG sites, and serum levels of vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide in alcohol-dependent patients during detoxification treatment","volume":"20","author":"Glahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Addiction Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.07.030","article-title":"Neurobiology of addiction. An integrative review","volume":"75","author":"Goodman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285290001511X","article-title":"The neurobiology of substance and behavioral addictions","volume":"11","author":"Grant","year":"2006","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2004.07.022","article-title":"Quality of life in kleptomania and pathological gambling","volume":"46","author":"Grant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2012007500041","article-title":"Neural regulation of the stress response: glucocorticoid feedback mechanisms","volume":"45","author":"Herman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research"},{"issue":"81\u2013109","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib27","first-page":"C1","article-title":"Stress hormone regulation: biological role and translation into therapy","volume":"61","author":"Holsboer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.05.004","article-title":"Dopamine reward circuitry: two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens-olfactory tubercle complex","volume":"56","author":"Ikemoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Research Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1159\/000253861","article-title":"Speed-accuracy tradeoff in decision-making performance among pathological gamblers","volume":"16","author":"Kertzman","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Addiction Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.09.012","article-title":"Brain activities associated with gaming urge of online gaming addiction","volume":"43","author":"Ko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0094","article-title":"Review. Neurobiological mechanisms for opponent motivational processes in addiction","volume":"363","author":"Koob","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philosophical Transaction the Royal Society B. Biological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.110","article-title":"Neurocircuitry of Addiction","volume":"35","author":"Koob","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02089.x","article-title":"Interaction between glucocorticoid hormones, stress and psychostimulant drugs","volume":"16","author":"Marinelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.044","article-title":"Alcohol dependence is associated with blunted dopamine transmission in the ventral striatum","volume":"58","author":"Martinez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.060038","article-title":"Assay for the measurement of copeptin, a stable peptide derived from the precursor of vasopressin","volume":"52","author":"Morgenthaler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2012.01.003","article-title":"Increases of CRF in the amygdala are responsible for reinstatement of methamphetamine-seeking behavior induced by footshock","volume":"101","author":"Nawata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-5557-3","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the pathological gambling adaptation of the Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Scale (PG-YBOCS)","volume":"21","author":"Pallanti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900027437","article-title":"Altered regional cerebral glucose metabolism in internet game overusers: a 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography study","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(87)90211-6","article-title":"Neurotransmitter modulation of corticotropin releasing factor secretion into the hypophysial-portal circulation","volume":"41","author":"Plotsky","year":"1987","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.01.025","article-title":"Steroid hormones and BDNF","volume":"239","author":"Pluchino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1378","article-title":"Pathological gambling is linked to reduced activation of the mesolimbic reward system","volume":"8","author":"Reuter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Natural Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6243","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0736-05.2005","article-title":"Mice with genetically altered glucocorticoid receptor expression show altered sensitivity for stress-induced depressive reactions","volume":"25","author":"Ridder","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-P","article-title":"The neural basis of drug craving: an incentive-sensitization theory of addiction","volume":"18","author":"Robinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Research Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0093","article-title":"Review. The incentive sensitization theory of addiction: some current issues","volume":"363","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philososophical Transaction of the Royal Society B. Biological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1366","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00757.2004","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to dexamethasone alters hippocampal drive on hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis activity in adult male rats","volume":"290","author":"Shoener","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.7.666","article-title":"Common genetic vulnerability for pathological gambling and alcohol dependence in men","volume":"57","author":"Slutske","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000175071.22872.98","article-title":"Comparison of craving between pathological gamblers and alcoholics. Alcohol","volume":"29","author":"Tavares","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-13-0028","article-title":"Addiction and the adrenal cortex","volume":"2","author":"Vinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine Connections"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(02)00676-4","article-title":"Development of alcohol-associated cues and cue-induced brain activation in alcoholics","volume":"17","author":"Wrase","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.11.043","article-title":"Dysfunction of reward processing correlates with alcohol craving in detoxified alcoholics","volume":"35","author":"Wrase","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00451-3","article-title":"Cortisol regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression: a chronobiological analysis","volume":"40","author":"Yehuda","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.1998.1.237","article-title":"Internet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorder","volume":"1","author":"Young","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.97","article-title":"Persistent increase in hypothalamic arginine vasopressin gene expression during protracted withdrawal from chronic escalating-dose cocaine in rodents","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178114010051?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178114010051?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,18]],"date-time":"2019-08-18T16:56:17Z","timestamp":1566147377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178114010051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165178114010051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis activity in patients with pathological gambling and internet use disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.078","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}