{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:23:49Z","timestamp":1791555829345,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81172763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81172763"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["psy-journal.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T22:46:37Z","timestamp":1460501197000},"page":"103-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The risk and protective factors in the development of childhood social anxiety symptoms among Chinese children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Yi-Le","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Xiu","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Yun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye-Huan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.09.014","article-title":"Emotional reasoning and anxiety sensitivity: associations with social anxiety disorder in childhood","volume":"152","author":"Alkozei","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib2","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders\u2014Fourth Edition, Text Revision","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579406060275","article-title":"The development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms from infancy through adolescence in a longitudinal sample","volume":"18","author":"Bosquet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib4","first-page":"123","article-title":"Social anxiety disorder: a review of environmental risk factors","volume":"4","author":"Brook","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-012-9669-9","article-title":"The course of childhood anxiety symptoms: developmental trajectories and child-related factors in normal children","volume":"41","author":"Broeren","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.12.002","article-title":"Anxiety in a neglected population: prevalence of anxiety disorders in pre-adolescent children","volume":"26","author":"Cartwright-Hatton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00130-8","article-title":"Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: A revised child anxiety and depression scale","volume":"38","author":"Chorpita","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20039","article-title":"Child anxiety in primary care: prevalent but untreated","volume":"20","author":"Chavira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2011.12.003","article-title":"Prevalence and some psychosocial characteristics of social anxiety disorder in an urban population of Turkish children and adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Demir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib10","first-page":"67","article-title":"Course and outcome of anxiety disorders in adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Essau","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0107-4","article-title":"Emotional and behavioral problems of Chinese left-behind children: a preliminary study","volume":"45","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181676583","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of adolescent anxiety disorder symptoms: a 5-year prospective community study","author":"Hale","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry 47"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.04.001","article-title":"Depression risk of \u2018left-behind children\u2019in rural China","volume":"200","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20759","article-title":"Cultural aspects in social anxiety and social anxiety disorder","volume":"27","author":"Hofmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002","article-title":"Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"51","author":"Kessler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(91)90117-D","article-title":"Negative affectivity in children and adolescents: relations between anxiety and depression","volume":"11","author":"King","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib18","series-title":"The Children\u2019s Depression Intentory (CDI) Manual","author":"Kovacsm","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp1701_11","article-title":"Development of the social anxiety scale for children: reliability and concurrent validity","volume":"17","author":"La Greca","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.08.007","article-title":"Anxiety symptoms in African\u2013American and Caucasian youth: Relations to negative life events, social support, and coping","volume":"26","author":"Lewis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib21","first-page":"335","article-title":"Norm of the screen for child social anxiety related emotional disorders in Chinese urban children","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. J. Child Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707001407","article-title":"Risk factors for suicide in China's youth: a case-control study","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2013.06.009","article-title":"Change and predictors of symptom distress in breast cancer patients following the first 4 months after diagnosis","volume":"114","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.02.025","article-title":"Impact of early adolescent anxiety disorders on self-esteem development from adolescence to young adulthood","volume":"53","author":"Maldonado","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib25","first-page":"9","article-title":"Etiology and neurobiology of social anxiety disorder","volume":"67","author":"Mathew","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20761","article-title":"Family income and youths\u2019 symptoms of depression and anxiety: a longitudinal study of the French GAZEL Youth cohort","volume":"27","author":"Melchior","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2013.761088","article-title":"Self-esteem and social anxiety in an adolescent female eating disorder population: Age and diagnostic effects","volume":"21","author":"Obeid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-014-0460-8","article-title":"Anxiety disorders and behavioral inhibition in preschool children: a population-based study","volume":"46","author":"Paulus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child. Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013057129790","article-title":"Marital quality, family patterns, and children\u2019s fears and social anxiety","volume":"23","author":"Peleg-Popko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Conte. Fam. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707001699","article-title":"Social fears and social phobia in the USA: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"38","author":"Ruscio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.03.004","article-title":"Correlates of insomnia in patients with social phobia: role of depression and anxiety","volume":"189","author":"Raffray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820040034004","article-title":"Social phobia: comorbidity and morbidity in an epidemiologic sample","volume":"49","author":"Schneier","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib33","first-page":"1231","article-title":"The family APGAR: a proposal for a family function test and its use by physicians","volume":"6","author":"Smilkstein","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib34","first-page":"303","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the family APGAR as a test of family function","volume":"15","author":"Smilkstein","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-012-0158-y","article-title":"Impact of emotional and behavioral symptoms on quality of life in children and adolescents","volume":"22","author":"Stevanovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22203","article-title":"Anxiety disorders are independently associated with suicide ideation and attempts: Propensity score matching in two epidemiological samples","volume":"30","author":"Thibodeau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21948","article-title":"Associations between household and neighborhood income and anxiety symptoms in young adolescents","volume":"29","author":"Vine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02092.x","article-title":"The developmental course of anxiety symptoms during adolescence: the TRAILS study","volume":"50","author":"Van Oort","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2102_11","article-title":"Social anxiety and peer relationships in early adolescence: a prospective analysis","volume":"21","author":"Vernberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib40","series-title":"Rating Scales for Mental Health (Updated Version)","first-page":"120","author":"Wang","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib41","first-page":"853","article-title":"Social anxiety and the influencing factors among pupils in rural area in Anhui. Chinese","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib42","series-title":"Field Research Method of Injury Epidemiology","first-page":"199","author":"Wang","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000162583.25829.4b","article-title":"Developmental differences in the expression of childhood anxiety symptoms and fears","volume":"44","author":"Weems","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib44","first-page":"31","article-title":"The structural model of self-esteem and the development of the Children\u2019s self-esteem scale","author":"Wei","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Dev. Educ. 3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9375-4","article-title":"Depression and social anxiety in children: differential links with coping strategies","volume":"38","author":"Wright","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib46","first-page":"775","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Children's","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress. Inventory Chin. Ment. Health J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib47","first-page":"1359","article-title":"A prevalence survey on the mental health of left behind adolescent in Anhui province","volume":"31","author":"Yao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/2531248","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes","volume":"42","author":"Zeger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12602","article-title":"Left-behind children in rural China experience higher levels of anxiety and poorer living conditions","volume":"103","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20358","article-title":"Shame, personality, and social anxiety symptoms in Chinese and American nonclinical samples: a cross-cultural study","volume":"25","author":"Zhong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046_bib51","first-page":"436","article-title":"The relationship between social anxiety and self-esteem, self-awareness in grade 4\u20136 primary students","volume":"21","author":"Zou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. J. Behav. Med. Brain Sci."}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178115301700?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178115301700?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]],"date-time":"2018-09-13T07:50:06Z","timestamp":1536825006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178115301700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0165178115301700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The risk and protective factors in the development of childhood social anxiety symptoms among Chinese children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.08.046","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}