{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:19:05Z","timestamp":1780384745024,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Northeast Ohio Medical University Office of Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["psy-journal.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T23:39:36Z","timestamp":1445643576000},"page":"609-615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Epidemiology of trauma: Childhood adversities, neighborhood problems, discrimination, chronic strains, life events, and daily hassles among people with a severe mental illness"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Bonfine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.05.008","article-title":"Social and psychological resources and health outcomes after World Trade Center disaster","volume":"62","author":"Adams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764011415204","article-title":"Psychological well-being and risk perceptions of mothers in Kyiv Ukraine, 19 years after the Chornobyl Disaster","volume":"57","author":"Adams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0627-1","article-title":"Relationship between vocational status and perceived stress and daily hassles in first-episode psychosis: an exploratory study","volume":"48","author":"Allott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry\u00a0Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31820c751c","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical impact of childhood trauma in patients with severe mental disorders","volume":"199","author":"Alvarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650905000401","article-title":"Toward explaining mental health disparities","volume":"50","author":"Aneshensel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm121","article-title":"Childhood trauma and psychotic disorders: a systematic, critical review of the evidence","volume":"34","author":"Bendall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087710","article-title":"Coping with psychotic symptoms in the early phases of schizophrenia","volume":"70","author":"Boschi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810270028003","article-title":"Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults","volume":"48","author":"Breslau","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703001612","article-title":"Estimating posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: lifetime perspective and the impact of typical traumatic events","volume":"34","author":"Breslau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.748","article-title":"Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults","volume":"68","author":"Brewin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib502","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9906.2012.00643.x","article-title":"New perspectives on community-level determinants of homelessness","volume":"35","author":"Byrne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Urban Aff."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.3.378","article-title":"Victims of violence and psychiatric illness","volume":"141","author":"Carmen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.06.015","article-title":"Measuring trauma and stressful event in childhood and adolescence among patients with first-episode psychosis: initial factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Trauma Experiences Checklist","volume":"210","author":"Cristofaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.2.157","article-title":"Trauma history screening in a community mental health center","volume":"55","author":"Cusack","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-006-9049-4","article-title":"Unrecognized trauma and PTSD among public mental health consumers with chronic and severe mental illness","volume":"42","author":"Cusack","year":"2006","journal-title":"Community Ment. Health J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.1.2.119","article-title":"Relationship of daily hassles, uplifes, and major life events on health status","volume":"1","author":"DeLongis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.21.2581","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"291","author":"Demyttenaere","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.03.009","article-title":"The relation between childhood maltreatment and psychosis in patients with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric controls","volume":"155","author":"DeRosse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq372","article-title":"Long-term Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among 3271 civilian survivors of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center","volume":"173","author":"DiGrande","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib19","unstructured":"Durkheim,\u00a0E., [1897] 1951. Suicide: A Study in Sociology, The Free Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.5.565","article-title":"Role of social disadvantage in crime, joblessness, and homelessness among persons with serious mental illness","volume":"53","author":"Draine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.8.1453","article-title":"Relationship between multiple forms of childhood maltreatment and adult mental health in community respondents: results from the adversJuly@1234567e childhood experiences study","volume":"160","author":"Edward","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib22","series-title":"Mental Disorder in Urban Areas","author":"Faris","year":"1939"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31815c1dbf","article-title":"Longitudinal determinants of posttraumatic stress in a population-based cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Galea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(91)90107-Z","article-title":"Self-reports of child abuse in chronically psychotic patients","volume":"37","author":"Goff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.04.003","article-title":"Trauma exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in adults with severe mental illness: a critical review","volume":"31","author":"Grubaugh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650504600204","article-title":"Neighborhood disorder, psychophysiological distress, and health","volume":"46","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Health\u00a0Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00844845","article-title":"Comparison of two modes of stress measurement: daily hassles and uplifts versus major life events","volume":"4","author":"Kanner","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617","article-title":"Prevalence, severity and comorbidity of 12-Month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291797005588","article-title":"Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"27","author":"Kessler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7189(88)90033-X","article-title":"A quality of life interview for the chronically mentally ill","volume":"11","author":"Lehman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eval. Progr. Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1328","article-title":"Public conceptions of mental illness: labels, causes, dangerousness, and social distance","volume":"89","author":"Link","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2011.12.011","article-title":"Geographic access to and availability of community resources for persons diagnosed with severe mental illness in Philadelphia, USA","volume":"18","author":"Metraux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2307\/2137349","article-title":"Age and depression","volume":"33","author":"Mirowsky","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16458-1","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"363","author":"Mueser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.13.1.110","article-title":"A psychometric evaluation of trauma and PTSD assessments in persons with severe mental illness","volume":"13","author":"Mueser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007067","article-title":"Interpersonal trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in patients with severe mental illness: demographic, clinical, and health correlates","volume":"30","author":"Mueser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.1.246","article-title":"Trauma exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in psychosis: findings from a first-admission cohort","volume":"70","author":"Neria","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2005.00530.x","article-title":"Assaultive trauma and illness course in psychotic bipolar disorder: findings from the Suffolk county mental health project","volume":"111","author":"Neria","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib38","series-title":"Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health","first-page":"395","article-title":"The stress process revisited: reflections on concepts and their interrelationships","author":"Pearlin","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2307\/2136676","article-title":"The stress process","volume":"22","author":"Pearlin","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib41","first-page":"371","article-title":"Strategies used by psychotic individuals to cope with life stress and symptoms of illness: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Phillips","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress\u00a0Coping"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/10780879922184004","article-title":"Disorder and decay: the concept and measurement of perceived neighborhood disorder","volume":"34","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"Urban Aff. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.2307\/3088923","article-title":"Powerlessness and the amplification of threat: neighborhood disadvantage, disorder, and mistrust","volume":"66","author":"Ross","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650404500102","article-title":"Chronic stressors and daily hassles: unique and interactive relationships with psychological distress","volume":"45","author":"Serido","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Health\u00a0Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm069","article-title":"Cumulative traumas and psychosis: an analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey and the British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey","volume":"34","author":"Shevlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib46","series-title":"The Sociology of Georg Simmel","author":"Simmel","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21845","article-title":"Psychiatric and physical sequelae of childhood physical and sexual abuse and forced sexual trauma among individuals with serious mental illness","volume":"26","author":"Subica","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.2307\/2095103","article-title":"Multiple identities and psychological well-being: a reformulation and test of the social isolation hypothesis","volume":"48","author":"Thoits","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/0190272511398019","article-title":"Resisting the stigma of mental illness","volume":"74","author":"Thoits","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib50","series-title":"Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health","first-page":"357","article-title":"Self, identity, stress, and mental health","author":"Thoits","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib51","first-page":"36","article-title":"The nuisance factor: a study of daily stress for people with long-term psychiatric disabilities","volume":"65","author":"Tse","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2307\/2096348","article-title":"The epidemiology of social stress","volume":"60","author":"Turner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.02.010","article-title":"Stigma, agency, and recovery amongst people with severe mental illness","volume":"107","author":"Whitley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539700200305","article-title":"Racial difference in physical and mental health: socio-economic status, stress, and discrimination","volume":"2","author":"Williams","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.01.046","article-title":"Conceptualizing community: a comparison of neighborhood characteristics of supportive housing for persons with psychiatric and developmental disabilities","volume":"68","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178115304947?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178115304947?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T11:51:22Z","timestamp":1537271482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178115304947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165178115304947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epidemiology of trauma: Childhood adversities, neighborhood problems, discrimination, chronic strains, life events, and daily hassles among people with a severe mental illness","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}