{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:26:31Z","timestamp":1792509991396,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["psy-journal.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]],"date-time":"2016-03-17T16:40:39Z","timestamp":1458232839000},"page":"245-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":409,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Adaptation and initial validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire \u2013 9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder \u2013 7 Questionnaire (GAD-7) in an Arabic speaking Lebanese psychiatric outpatient sample"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"Sawaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia","family":"Atoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Hamadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Zeinoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziad","family":"Nahas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2005.33.7.675","article-title":"Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) items characteristics among undergraduate students of nineteen Islamic countries","volume":"33","author":"Alansari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc. Behav. Personal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2006.34.4.425","article-title":"Internal consistency of an Arabic adaptation of the Beck depression inventory \u2013 II with college students in eighteen Arab countries","volume":"34","author":"Alansari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Behav. Personal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327752JPA7703_13","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Beck depression inventory \u2013 II with university students in Bahrain","volume":"77","author":"Al-Musawi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000322797","article-title":"Relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression in a sample of Arab college students using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25","volume":"44","author":"Al-Turkait","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib5","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib6","first-page":"259","article-title":"Validation of the Malay version brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) among adult attending family medicine clinics","volume":"12","author":"Azah","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-013-9354-5","article-title":"The state-trait anxiety inventory: shadows and lights on its construct validity","volume":"35","author":"Balsamo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2190\/XTDD-8L18-P9E0-JYRV","article-title":"Screening for somatization and depression in Saudi Arabic: a validation study of the PHQ in primary care","volume":"32","author":"Becker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-004-0835-4","article-title":"Detection of somatization and depression in primary care in Saudi Arabia","volume":"39","author":"Becker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychtr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib10","first-page":"223","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale in an Egyptian student sample: a preliminary report","volume":"20","author":"Beshai","year":"2013","journal-title":"MECPsych"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp08X263794","article-title":"Psychometric comparison of PHQ-9 and HADS for measuring depression severity in primary care","volume":"58","author":"Cameron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib12","unstructured":"Cameron, I.M., Crawford, J.R., Lawton, K., Sumit, S., Du Toit, S., Hay, S., Reid, I.C., 2011. Assessing the validity of the PHQ-9, HADS, BDI-II and QIDS-SR16 in measuring severity of depression in a UK sample of primary care patients with a diagnosis of depression. NHS Quality Improvement Scotland."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.19.2.247","article-title":"The PHQ-9 as a brief assessment of lifetime major depression","volume":"19","author":"Cannon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1348\/147608306X103641","article-title":"Criterion validity of the French version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) in a hospital department of internal medicine","volume":"80","author":"Carballeira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Psychother-T."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/13651500310004452","article-title":"Adaptation of revised Brief PHQ (Brief-PHQ-r) for diagnosis of depression, panic disorder and somatoform disorder in primary healthcare settings","volume":"8","author":"\u00e7orap\u00e7ioglu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib16","first-page":"32","article-title":"Mental morbidity in primary care in Al Ain (UAE): application of the Arabic translation of the PRIME-MD (PHQ) version","volume":"8","author":"Daradkeh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ger. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-9985-z","article-title":"Assessment of the PHQ-9 as a screening tool for depression in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"53","author":"Dbouk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2011.582138","article-title":"Psychometric comparison of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for measuring response during treatment of generalised anxiety disorder","volume":"40","author":"Dear","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.011","article-title":"Brief case finding tools for anxiety disorders: validation of GAD-7 and GAD-2 in addictions treatment","volume":"125","author":"Delgadillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200107000-00021","article-title":"Validation and utility of the patient health questionnaire in diagnosing mental disorders in 1003 general hospital Spanish Inpatients","volume":"63","author":"Diez-Quevedo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.01.016","article-title":"Quick and easy self-rating of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Validity of the Dutch web-based GAD-7, GAD-2 and GAD-SI. Psychiatry Res","volume":"188","author":"Donker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659607305191","article-title":"The use of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Korean version (PHQ-9K) to screen for depressive disorders among Korean Americans","volume":"18","author":"Donnelly","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Transcult. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2007.09.017","article-title":"Comparing the BDI II and the PHQ-9 with outpatient substance abusers","volume":"33","author":"Dum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731506291582","article-title":"Limitations of the patient health questionnaire in identifying anxiety and depression in community mental health: many cases are undetected","volume":"16","author":"Eack","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res. Soc. Work Prac."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00784431","article-title":"Retesting the validity of the Arabic version of the hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale in primary health care","volume":"30","author":"El-Rufaie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epid."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1997.tb00384.x","article-title":"The primary care anxiety and depression (PCAD) scale: a culture-oriented screening scale","volume":"95","author":"El-Rufaie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.4.631","article-title":"Distinguishing depression and anxiety in self-report: evidence from confirmatory factor analysis on nonclinical and clinical samples","volume":"61","author":"Feldman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-6185(92)90026-4","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Beck Anxiety Inventory","volume":"6","author":"Fydrich","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool","volume":"8","author":"Garc\u00eda-Campayo","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.304","article-title":"Cross-cultural normative assessment: Translation and adaptation issues influencing the normative interpretation of assessment instruments","volume":"6","author":"Geisinger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.07.015","article-title":"Validity of the patient health questionnaire-9 for depression screening and diagnosis in East Africa","volume":"210","author":"Gelaye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/002076400004600402","article-title":"The performance of the center for epidemiologic study depression scale (CES-D) in an Arab female community","volume":"46","author":"Ghubash","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0333-y","article-title":"Screening for depression in medical settings with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ): a diagnostic meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Gilbody","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.12.002","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Arabic screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED) in a clinical sample","volume":"209","author":"Hariz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2009.03.005","article-title":"A comparison of two depressive symptomatology measures in residential substance abuse treatment clients","volume":"37","author":"Hepner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib37","first-page":"265","article-title":"The integration of mental health into primary health care in Lebanon","volume":"9","author":"Hijazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intervention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2006.00409.x","article-title":"Using the patient health questionnaire \u2013 9 to measure depression among racially and ethnically diverse primary care patients","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.08.001","article-title":"Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and PHQ-2 in general internal medicine primary care at a Japanese rural hospital: a cross-sectional study","volume":"35","author":"Inagaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-73","article-title":"Utility and limitations of PHQ-9 in a clinic specializing in psychiatric care","volume":"12","author":"Inoue","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0579","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050061","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in Lebanon: first onset, treatment, and exposure to war","volume":"5","author":"Karam","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2012.05.008","article-title":"Patient Health Questionnaire: Greek language validation and subscale factor structure","volume":"53","author":"Karekla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000010","article-title":"Validation of the Arabic center for epidemiological studies depression (CES-D) scale in a Lebanese community sample","volume":"26","author":"Kazarian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.07.004","article-title":"Screening for depression: Rasch analysis of the dimensional structure of the PHQ-9 and the HADS-D","volume":"122","author":"Kendel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.1802","article-title":"Validity of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale in an acute psychiatric sample","volume":"20","author":"Kertz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBA.0000022108.20386.c9","article-title":"The differential assessment of state-trait anxiety and depression in a clinically anxious sample","volume":"26","author":"Kocovski","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib49","first-page":"53","article-title":"Validity and reliability study for the Turkish adaptation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale","volume":"50","author":"Konkan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arq. Neuropsiquiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013354","article-title":"Assessment of depressive symptoms during inpatient rehabilitation for spinal cord injury: is there an underlying somatic factor when using the PHQ?","volume":"53","author":"Krause","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rehabil. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-20020901-06","article-title":"The PHQ-9: A new depression diagnostic and severity measure","volume":"32","author":"Kroenke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Ann."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006","article-title":"The patient health questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Kroenke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004","article-title":"Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection","volume":"146","author":"Kroenke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093","article-title":"Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population","volume":"46","author":"L\u00f6we","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00237-9","article-title":"Comparative validity of three screening questionnaires for DSM-IV depressive disorders and physicians\u2019 diagnoses","volume":"78","author":"L\u00f6we","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-5-9","article-title":"Validation of the Arab youth mental health scale as a screening tool for depression\/anxiety in Lebanese children","volume":"5","author":"Mahfoud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-2951-5","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Haitian Creole PHQ-9","volume":"29","author":"Marc","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib59","first-page":"17","article-title":"The Arabic validation of the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 against MINI in a disadvantaged suburb of Beirut, Lebanon","volume":"13","author":"Mahfoud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2005.07.003","article-title":"Validity of the brief patient health questionnaire mood scale (PHQ-9) in the general population","volume":"28","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070975","article-title":"Problems in cross-cultural use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale: \u201cNo butterflies in the desert","volume":"8","author":"Maters","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2013899","article-title":"Depression screening: Utility of the patient health questionnaire in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"22","author":"McGuire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-008-0846-z","article-title":"Validity\/reliability of PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 depression scales among adults living with HIV\/AIDS in Western Kenya","volume":"24","author":"Monahan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.018","article-title":"Depressive and anxiety disorders in chronic hepatitis C patients: Reliability and validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire","volume":"138","author":"Navin\u00e9s","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6163.2009.00224.x","article-title":"Study of the Discriminative Validity of the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 in a sample of Brazilian women in the context of primary health care","volume":"45","author":"Os\u00f3rio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychiatr. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(03)00072-0","article-title":"Anxiety and mood disorders in otorhinolaryngology outpatients presenting with dizziness: Validation of the self-administered PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire and epidemiology","volume":"25","author":"Persoons","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016049","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Ethiopian version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in HIV infected patients","volume":"6","author":"Reda","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4781.1991.tb05352.x","article-title":"Proficiency despite diglossia: A new approach for Arabic","volume":"75","author":"Ryding","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mod. Lang. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1071\/HC12005","article-title":"Validation of the GAD -7 (Malay version) among women attending a primary care clinic in Malaysia","volume":"4","author":"Sidik","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Prim. Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.18.1737","article-title":"Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ primary care study","volume":"282","author":"Spitzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib72","unstructured":"Taouk, M., Lovibond, P.F., Laube, R., 2001. Psychometric properties of an Arabic version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS21).\u00a0Report for New South Wales Transcultural Mental Health Centre, Cumberland Hospital, Sydney"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25514","article-title":"Screening for major depression in cancer patients: The diagnostic accuracy of the 9-item patient health questionnaire","volume":"117","author":"Thekkumpurath","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib74","series-title":"Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment","first-page":"39","article-title":"Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Adapting Tests","author":"van de Vijver","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.104.1.3","article-title":"Testing a tripartite model: I. evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales","volume":"104","author":"Watson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-005-3261-3","article-title":"The beck anxiety inventory in older adults with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"27","author":"Wetherell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015529","article-title":"Improving measurement properties of the patient health questionnaire \u2013 9 with rating scale analysis","volume":"54","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rehabil. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2007.06.004","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the mood module of the Patient Health Questionnaire: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Wittkampf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.04.012","article-title":"Validation of an Arabic multi-informant psychiatric diagnostic interview for children and adolescents: development and Well Being Assessment-Arabic (DAWBA-Arabic)","volume":"54","author":"Zeinoun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.07.014","article-title":"Measuring depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Hong Kong Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"151","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178116304504?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178116304504?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T22:33:05Z","timestamp":1718404385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178116304504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0165178116304504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adaptation and initial validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire \u2013 9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder \u2013 7 Questionnaire (GAD-7) in an Arabic speaking Lebanese psychiatric outpatient sample","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.03.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}