{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:40:38Z","timestamp":1793497238573,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research & Care"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007123","name":"Stanley Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SMRI Grant 13T-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMRI Grant 13T-006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,2]],"date-time":"2017-01-02T14:17:30Z","timestamp":1483366650000},"page":"78-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Correlates of vitamin D in psychotic disorders: A comprehensive systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"249","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Adamson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Gaughran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Krivoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendon","family":"Stubbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib1","article-title":"Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in","volume":"14","author":"Abdullah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prim. Care Companion CNS Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib2","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association, 2000. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.106666","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"202","author":"Anglin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.07.017","article-title":"Vitamin D and psychosis: mini meta-analysis","volume":"150","author":"Belvederi Murri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.04.039","article-title":"Mood disorders are associated with a more severe hypovitaminosis D than schizophrenia","author":"Belzeaux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05299yel","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of vitamin D deficiency among immigrants and Norwegians with psychosis compared to the general population","volume":"71","author":"Berg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170800319X","article-title":"High bone turnover but normal bone mineral density in women suffering from schizophrenia","volume":"38","author":"Bergemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib8","unstructured":"CADTH, 2011. Interventions Directed to Professionals | CADTH.ca [WWW Document]. URL \u3008https:\/\/www.cadth.ca\/interventions-directed-professionals\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.1.12","article-title":"Schizophrenia and migration: a meta-analysis and review","volume":"162","author":"Cantor-Graae","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.03.017","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency and schizophrenia risk: evaluation of hyperprolinemia as a mediator of association","volume":"156","author":"Clelland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.08.036","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in first episode psychosis: a case-control study","volume":"150","author":"Crews","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2012.00649.x","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in South Europe: effect of smoking and aging","volume":"28","author":"Cutillas-Marco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01535.x","article-title":"Ethnic origin and increased risk for schizophrenia in immigrants to countries of recent and longstanding immigration","volume":"121","author":"Dealberto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12086","article-title":"Clinical symptoms of psychotic episodes and 25-hydroxy vitamin D serum levels in black first-generation immigrants","volume":"128","author":"Dealberto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1159\/000329391","article-title":"Bone remodeling, bone mass and weight gain in patients with stabilized schizophrenia in real-life conditions treated with long-acting injectable risperidone","volume":"94","author":"Doknic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2012.07.001","article-title":"Vitamin D, effects on brain development, adult brain function and the links between low levels of vitamin D and neuropsychiatric disease","volume":"34","author":"Eyles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-134","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency is common in psychogeriatric patients, independent of diagnosis","volume":"14","author":"Gr\u00f8nli","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1159\/000118415","article-title":"Certain neuroleptics reduce bone mineralization in Schizophrenic patients","volume":"18","author":"Higuchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib19","first-page":"88","article-title":"Low serum Vitamin D concentrations in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"14","author":"Itzhaky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Isr. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3109\/13651501.2012.667111","article-title":"Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, serum calcium and phosphorus in patients with schizophrenia and major depression","volume":"17","author":"Jamilian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2010.02.016","article-title":"Relationship between vitamin D during perinatal development and health","volume":"55","author":"Kaludjerovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Midwifery Women's Heal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp023","article-title":"Relation of Schizophrenia prevalence to latitude, climate, fish consumption, infant mortality, and skin color: a role for prenatal vitamin D deficiency and infections?","volume":"35","author":"Kinney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0548-3","article-title":"Seasonal variations in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in a Swedish cohort","volume":"49","author":"Klingberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0780-2","article-title":"Clinical correlates of vitamin D deficiency in established psychosis","volume":"16","author":"Lally","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f2539","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2539","article-title":"The gap in life expectancy from preventable physical illness in psychiatric patients in Western Australia: retrospective analysis of population based registers","volume":"346","author":"Lawrence","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ebd.6400375","article-title":"Study design III: cross-sectional studies","volume":"7","author":"Levin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Evid. Based Dent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.06.007","article-title":"Are active sun exposure habits related to lowering risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women, a prospective cohort study?","volume":"90","author":"Lindqvist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.05.013","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and mortality from heart failure and cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality from all-cause in United States adults","volume":"110","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCue, R.E., Charles, R.A., Orendain, G.C., Joseph, M.D., Abanishe, J.O., 2012. Vitamin d deficiency among psychiatric inpatients. Prim. Care Companion CNS Disord. 14, PCC.11m01230.\u00a0\u3008http:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/PCC.11m01230\u3009.","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.11m01230"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00052-3","article-title":"Hypothesis: is low prenatal vitamin D a risk-modifying factor for schizophrenia?","volume":"40","author":"McGrath","year":"1999","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib31","first-page":"13","article-title":"A systematic review of the incidence of schizophrenia: the distribution of rates and the influence of sex, urbanicity","volume":"2","author":"McGrath","year":"2004","journal-title":"Migr. Status Methodol. BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2003.08.005","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life and risk of schizophrenia: a Finnish birth cohort study","volume":"67","author":"McGrath","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib33","first-page":"68","article-title":"Vitamin D status of psychiatric inpatients in New Zealand's Waikato region","volume":"12","author":"Menkes","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMCPsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"339","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.10.015","article-title":"Vitamin D status in psychotic disorder patients and healthy controls - The influence of ethnic background","volume":"230","author":"Nerhus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norelli, L.J., Coates, A.D., Kovasznay, B.M., 2010. A Comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D Serum Levels in Acute and Long-stay Psychiatric Inpatients: A Preliminary Investigation, e-SPEN. \u3008http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclnm.2010.04.003\u3009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclnm.2010.04.003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib37","unstructured":"Nussey, S., Whitehead, S., 2001. The Parathyroid Glands and Vitamin D."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181f7abd3","article-title":"Skeletal status in psychotic disorders: a population-based study","volume":"72","author":"Partti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.984","article-title":"Ultrasound bone mass in schizophrenic patients on antipsychotic therapy","volume":"24","author":"Rey-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0413","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020141","article-title":"A systematic review of the prevalence of schizophrenia","volume":"2","author":"Saha","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020070063","article-title":"Vitamin D in schizophrenia, major depression and alcoholism","volume":"107","author":"Schneider","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2015.06.006","article-title":"Serum vitamin D and hippocampal gray matter volume in schizophrenia","volume":"233","author":"Shivakumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. - Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e3283628f98","article-title":"Open-label pilot study on vitamin D3 supplementation for antipsychotic-associated metabolic anomalies","volume":"28","author":"Thakurathi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib44","first-page":"99","article-title":"Serum vitamin D levels in relation to Schizophrenia: a systematic review and","author":"Valipour","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.11.002","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures","volume":"42","author":"van Schoor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22370","article-title":"Vitamin D status in anorexia nervosa: a meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Veronese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001383","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001383","article-title":"Causal relationship between obesity and Vitamin D status: Bi-directional mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts","volume":"10","author":"Vimaleswaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib48","unstructured":"Wells, G., Shea, B., O\u2019Connell, D., Peterson, J., Welch, V., Tugwell, P., 2000. The Newcastle- Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non-randomised studies in meta-analyses [WWW Document]. Third Symp. Syst. Rev. Beyond Basics; Oxford, UK July. URL \u3008http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp\u3009 (accessed 08.08.16)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61611-6","article-title":"Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2010","volume":"382","author":"Whiteford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib50","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 1992. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.05.051","article-title":"High levels of vitamin D in relation to reduced risk of schizophrenia with elevated C-reactive protein","volume":"228","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178116319850?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178116319850?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T02:40:59Z","timestamp":1539139259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178116319850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0165178116319850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Correlates of vitamin D in psychotic disorders: A comprehensive systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.052","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}