{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:09:50Z","timestamp":1790046590299,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T13:00:19Z","timestamp":1484139619000},"page":"275-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Adaptive functions of self-focused attention: Insight and depressive and anxiety symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"249","author":[{"given":"Miho","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Takano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Tanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(88)90006-7","article-title":"The differential effects of inductions of worry, somatic anxiety, and depression on emotional experience","volume":"19","author":"Andrews","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6601_11","article-title":"Factor structure of the private self-consciousness scale","volume":"66","author":"Anderson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.3.417","article-title":"A stich in time: self-regulation and proactive coping","volume":"121","author":"Aspinwall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90006-X","article-title":"The twenty-item Toronto alexithymia scale\u2014II. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity","volume":"38","author":"Bagby","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-6185(96)00009-6","article-title":"Effects of active and passive rumination and distraction: a pilot replication with anxious mood","volume":"10","author":"Blagden","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4806_10","article-title":"A modification of the Fenigstein, Schiere, and Buss self-consciousness scales","volume":"48","author":"Burnkrant","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.70.1.141","article-title":"Self-concept clarity: measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries","volume":"70","author":"Campbell","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.92.1.111","article-title":"Control theory: a useful conceptual framework for personality\u2013social, clinical, and health psychology","volume":"92","author":"Carver","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.97.1.19","article-title":"Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: a control-process view","volume":"97","author":"Carver","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.3.316","article-title":"Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications","volume":"100","author":"Clark","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21992","article-title":"Transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety and depression","volume":"29","author":"Craske","year":"2012","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bs.3830190102","article-title":"The Hopkins symptom checklist (HSCL): a self\u2010report symptom inventory","volume":"19","author":"Derogatis","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2008.1.3.192","article-title":"Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process","volume":"1","author":"Ehring","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076760","article-title":"Public and private self-consciousness: assessment and theory","volume":"43","author":"Fenigstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-6566(83)90019-3","article-title":"Self-concept difference as a function of private self-consciousness and social anxiety","volume":"17","author":"Franzoi","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Res. Pers."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3200\/SOCP.144.4.359-372","article-title":"Private self-consciousness factors: relationships with need for cognition, locus of control, and obsessive thinking in Iran and the United States","volume":"144","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131305","article-title":"Cognition and depression: current status and future directions","volume":"6","author":"Gotlib","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2002.30.8.821","article-title":"The self-reflection and insight scale: a new measure of private self-consciousness","volume":"30","author":"Grant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc. Behav. Pers.: Int. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.2010.528072","article-title":"Insight, rumination, and self-reflection as predictors of well-being","volume":"145","author":"Harrington","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib20","first-page":"76","article-title":"Issues and procedures in adopting structural equation modeling technique","volume":"3","author":"Hoe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Quant. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.11.015","article-title":"A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students","volume":"47","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-8343(82)90026-3","article-title":"An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results","volume":"4","author":"Kabat-Zinn","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.37.1.1","article-title":"Stressful life events, personality, and health: an inquiry into hardiness","volume":"37","author":"Kobasa","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.42.1.168","article-title":"Hardiness and health: a prospective study","volume":"42","author":"Kobasa","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(03)00360-X","article-title":"The reliability and factorial validity of the Japanese version of the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale","volume":"55","author":"Komaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0902_1","article-title":"To parcel or not to parcel: exploring the question, weighing the merits","volume":"9","author":"Little","year":"2002","journal-title":"Struct. Equ. Model."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.09.010","article-title":"Insight, but not self-reflection, is related to subjective well-being","volume":"46","author":"Lyke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib28","series-title":"Resilience at Work: How to Succeed no Matter What Life Throws at You","author":"Maddi","year":"2005"},{"issue":"98","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.98.2.224","article-title":"Culture and the self: implication for cognition, emotion, and motivation","volume":"2","author":"Markus","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Some ruminative thoughts","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"1996"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/19312450802458935","article-title":"Item parceling in structural equation modeling: a primer","volume":"2","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Commun. Methods Meas."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.06.014","article-title":"The relationship between worry, rumination, and comorbidity: evidence for repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic construct","volume":"151","author":"McEvoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.03.003","article-title":"The effects of worry and rumination on affect states and cognitive activity","volume":"38","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.4.638","article-title":"Self-focused attention and negative affect: a meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"Mor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199505)51:3<378::AID-JCLP2270510309>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Assessment of self\u2010control behavior: validity analyses on a Japanese version of the self-control schedule","volume":"51","author":"Nakano","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib36","first-page":"50","article-title":"The relation of the anger subcomponent of type A behavior to psychological symptoms in Japanese and foreign students","volume":"43","author":"Nakano","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Psychol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.06.002","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of transdiagnostic psychological treatments for anxiety and depressive disorders in adulthood","volume":"40","author":"Newby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.4.569","article-title":"Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes","volume":"100","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.116.1.198","article-title":"Reciprocal relations between rumination and bulimic, substance abuse, and depressive symptoms in female adolescents","volume":"116","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-3204.45.2.214","article-title":"Transdiagnostic approaches to the treatment of anxiety disorders: a quantitative review","volume":"45","author":"Norton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychother.: Theory Res. Pract. Train."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib41","first-page":"1","volume":"28","author":"Oshimi","year":"1986"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028329","article-title":"The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on symptoms of anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Piet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(80)80040-2","article-title":"A schedule for assessing self-control behaviors: preliminary findings","volume":"11","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1980","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000025","article-title":"Rumination predicts heightened responding to stressful life events in major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"124","author":"Ruscio","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3200\/JOER.99.6.323-338","article-title":"Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: a review","volume":"99","author":"Schreiber","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Educ. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992551","article-title":"Depression and self-focused attention","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"1981","journal-title":"Motiv. Emot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/267327","article-title":"Rumination and age: some things get better","volume":"2012","author":"S\u00fctterlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Aging Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.2013.810128","article-title":"Disentangling the relationships between self-reflection, insight and subjective well-being: the role of dysfunctional attitudes and core self-evaluations","volume":"148","author":"Stein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychol.: Interdiscip. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib49","first-page":"56","volume":"27","author":"Tada","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.12.008","article-title":"Self-rumination, self-reflection, and depression: self-rumination counteracts the adaptive effect of self-reflection","volume":"47","author":"Takano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)E0011-7","article-title":"How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional control (mindfulness) training help?","volume":"33","author":"Teasdale","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-011-9209-x","article-title":"Do people ruminate because they haven\u2019t digested their goals? The relations of rumination and reflection to goal internalization and ambivalence","volume":"35","author":"Thomsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Motiv. Emot."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.76.2.284","article-title":"Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: distinguishing rumination from reflection","volume":"76","author":"Trapnell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561","article-title":"Rumination reconsidered: a psychometric analysis","volume":"27","author":"Treynor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cogn. Ther. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00003","article-title":"Taijin kyofusho and soxial anxiety and their clinical relevance in Indonesia and Seitzerland","volume":"4","author":"Vriends","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.134.2.163","article-title":"Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought","volume":"134","author":"Watkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s10942-009-0098-9","article-title":"Depressive rumination and co-morbidity: evidence for brooding as a transdiagnostic process","volume":"27","author":"Watkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ration. Emot. Cogn. Behav. Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164413495237","article-title":"Sample size requirements for structural equation models an evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety","volume":"73","author":"Wolf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178116308587?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178116308587?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T02:36:09Z","timestamp":1539138969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178116308587"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0165178116308587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adaptive functions of self-focused attention: Insight and depressive and anxiety symptoms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}