{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T10:37:34Z","timestamp":1785494254896,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]],"date-time":"2017-01-18T13:47:13Z","timestamp":1484747233000},"page":"349-353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia: A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"249","author":[{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Grover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subho","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandita","family":"Hazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajit","family":"Avasthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia treated with clozapine and ECT","volume":"12","author":"Benatov","year":"1996","journal-title":"Convuls. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-199812000-00012","article-title":"Concurrent administration of clozapine and ECT: a successful therapeutic strategy for a patient with treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"14","author":"Bhatia","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e31821a8f05","article-title":"Combined clozapine and electroconvulsive therapy in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia: clinical and cognitive outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Biedermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.169.2.253b","article-title":"Should the administration of ECT during clozapine therapy be contraindicated?","volume":"169","author":"Bloch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yct.0000165500.60784.05","article-title":"The combined use of electroconvulsive therapy and antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"21","author":"Braga","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib6","first-page":"110","article-title":"Seizure activity in combined clozapine and ECT: a retrospective view","volume":"11","author":"Cardwell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Convuls. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.4.518","article-title":"Effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a review and metaanalysis of randomized trials","volume":"158","author":"Chakos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib8","first-page":"657","article-title":"Maintenance ECT in treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"83","author":"Chanpattana","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. Thail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200603000-00002","article-title":"ECT for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a response from the far East to the UK. NICE report","volume":"22","author":"Chanpattana","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib10","first-page":"558","article-title":"The use of the stabilization period in electroconvulsive therapy research in schizophrenia: II. implementation","volume":"82","author":"Chanpattana","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. Thail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-199909000-00002","article-title":"Continuation ECT in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a controlled study","volume":"15","author":"Chanpattana","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318270e2c7","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy and clozapine in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: is it a safe and effective combination?","volume":"32","author":"Flamarique","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib13","first-page":"176","article-title":"Combined clozapine and electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"9","author":"Frankenburg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Convuls. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib14","first-page":"233","article-title":"Non-pharmacological biological therapies in schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Gazdag","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol. Hung."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14091170","article-title":"Augmentation of clozapine With ECT: observations from India","volume":"172","author":"Grover","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.12.046","article-title":"Delay in initiation of clozapine and prior antipsychotic trial evaluation: a retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital in North India","volume":"226","author":"Grover","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib17","first-page":"73","article-title":"Clozapine induced seizure disorder: a brief report involving 222 patients receiving clozapine","volume":"25","author":"Grover","year":"2015","journal-title":"East Asian Arch. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000111","article-title":"Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a young man after maintenance electroconvulsive therapy and clozapine initiation: a case report","volume":"30","author":"Grubisha","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200601000-00012","article-title":"Concurrent administration of clozapine and electroconvulsive therapy in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"29","author":"Havaki-Kontaxaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.105833","article-title":"Adherence to treatment guidelines in clinical practice: study of antipsychotic treatment prior to clozapine initiation","volume":"201","author":"Howes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(99)00015-9","article-title":"Combined electroconvulsive therapy and clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"Kales","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib22","first-page":"678","article-title":"Combined electroconvulsive therapy and clozapine in schizophrenia","volume":"37","author":"Kales","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800330013001","article-title":"Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine","volume":"45","author":"Kane","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-004-0517-y","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of clozapine nonresponders suffering from schizophrenia: an open label study","volume":"254","author":"Kho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib25","first-page":"131","article-title":"Combining ECT and clozapine in the treatment of clozapine-refractory schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder \u2013 a pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Koen","year":"2008","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e31828b34f6","article-title":"Antipsychotic polypharmacy in a treatment-refractory schizophrenia population receiving adjunctive treatment with electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"29","author":"Kristensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib27","first-page":"193","article-title":"ECT and clozapine combination producing delirium: a case report","volume":"45","author":"Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200001000-00003","article-title":"Combined electroconvulsive-clozapine therapy","volume":"23","author":"Kupchik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.01.024","article-title":"Augmentation of clozapine with electroconvulsive therapy in treatment resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"171","author":"Lally","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.12.1744","article-title":"Clinical effects of clozapine in chronic schizophrenia: response to treatment and predictors of outcome","volume":"151","author":"Lieberman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.85402","article-title":"Delayed onset, protracted delirium and aspiration pneumonitis associated with a combination of clozapine and electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"33","author":"Manjunatha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.158.1.135b","article-title":"ECT following clozapine","volume":"158","author":"Masiar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4287","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2007.4287.4290","article-title":"Comparative study of clozapine, electroshock and the combination of ECT with clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients","volume":"10","author":"Masoudzadeh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pak. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib34","first-page":"892","article-title":"Effects of six months of clozapine treatment on the quality of life of chronic schizophrenic patients","volume":"41","author":"Meltzer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200603000-00013","article-title":"Combined use of electroconvulsive therapy and antipsychotics in schizophrenia: the Indian evidence. A review and a meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Painuly","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13060787","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy augmentation in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia: a prospective, randomized study","volume":"172","author":"Petrides","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.02.005","article-title":"Indications for electroconvulsive treatment in schizophrenia: a systematic review","volume":"146","author":"Pompili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(96)89901-9","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of combined ECT and clozapine in treatment-resistant mania","volume":"11","author":"Poyurovsky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145706006584","article-title":"Comparison of the in-vivo muscarinic cholinergic receptor availability in patients treated with clozapine and olanzapine","volume":"10","author":"Raedler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib40","first-page":"179","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy combined with different antipsychotic drugs in previously resistant schizophrenia","volume":"21","author":"Ravani\u0107","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Danub."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/136515002760276108","article-title":"A three-year naturalistic follow-up of patients receiving clozapine: report from India","volume":"6","author":"Srivastava","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200206000-00005","article-title":"Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy combined with antipsychotic medication in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a prospective, open trial","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(02)00354-8","article-title":"Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a prospective open trial","volume":"27","author":"Tang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0107","article-title":"Prior antipsychotic prescribing in patients currently receiving clozapine: a case note review","volume":"64","author":"Taylor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tharyan, P., Adams, C.E., 2005. Electroconvulsive therapy for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Syst. Rev. Issue 2, Art. No. CD000076.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000076.pub2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200601000-00010","article-title":"Somatic augmentation strategies in clozapine resistance--what facts?","volume":"29","author":"Tranulis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-013-0166-x","article-title":"Pathway to clozapine use: a comparison between a patient cohort from new Zealand and a cohort from the United Kingdom","volume":"34","author":"Wheeler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.564653","article-title":"Using ECT in schizophrenia: a review from a clinical perspective","volume":"13","author":"Zervas","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178116306539?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178116306539?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T14:27:32Z","timestamp":1568730452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178116306539"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0165178116306539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia: A retrospective study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.042","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}