{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:49:01Z","timestamp":1786996141449,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey","award":["116R011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["116R011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]],"date-time":"2018-12-10T02:27:10Z","timestamp":1544408830000},"page":"559-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Public stigma of obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenic disorder: Is there really any difference?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"271","author":[{"given":"G\u00fcl\u015fah","family":"Durna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Or\u00e7un","family":"Yorulmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u00e7a","family":"Akta\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01241.x","article-title":"Association of perceived stigma and mood and anxiety disorders: results from the World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"118","author":"Alonso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0002","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0648-9","article-title":"Biogenetic explanations and public acceptance of people with eating disorders","volume":"48","author":"Angermeyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0004","first-page":"6","article-title":"Ak\u0131l hastas\u0131n\u0131n sosyal reddedilimi","volume":"4","author":"Arkar","year":"1991","journal-title":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Adam"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/002076409404000306","article-title":"Effect of psychiatric labels on attitudes toward mental illness in a Turkish sample","volume":"40","author":"Arkar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00794617","article-title":"Influence of a 3-week psychiatric training programme on attitudes toward mental illness in medical students","volume":"32","author":"Arkar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0423-0","article-title":"To seek advice or not to seek advice about the problem: the help-seeking dilemma for obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"44","author":"Belloch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0008","first-page":"133","article-title":"Obsesif-kompulsif belirti kategorileri hakk\u0131nda ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisi","volume":"47","author":"Be\u015firo\u011flu","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00f6ropsikiyatri Ar\u015fivi Dergisi"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.02.005","article-title":"The characteristics of unacceptable\/taboo thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"54","author":"Brakoulias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2013.09.001","article-title":"Stigma and disclosure of intrusive thoughts about sexual themes","volume":"2","author":"Cathey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Obsessive Compuls. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20620","article-title":"Barriers to treatment seeking for anxiety disorders: initial data on the role of mental health literacy","volume":"27","author":"Coles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22080","article-title":"The public's knowledge and beliefs about obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"30","author":"Coles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.10.007","article-title":"Appraisals of obsessional thoughts in normal samples","volume":"46","author":"Corcoran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0014","first-page":"48","article-title":"Mental health stigma as social attribution: implications for research methods and attitude change","volume":"7","author":"Corrigan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0015","series-title":"On the Stigma of Mental Illness: Practical Strategies for Research and Social Change","first-page":"11","article-title":"The Impact of Mental Illness Stigma","author":"Corrigan","year":"2005"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201100529","article-title":"Challenging the public stigma of mental illness: a meta-analysis of outcome studies","volume":"63","author":"Corrigan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0017","first-page":"16","article-title":"Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness","volume":"1","author":"Corrigan","year":"2002","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.1.4","article-title":"Stigmatization of people with mental illnesses","volume":"177","author":"Crisp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20293","article-title":"Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with treatment status in family members with obsessive- compulsive disorder","volume":"25","author":"Cullen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.03.024","article-title":"The long and complex road in the search for treatment for mental disorders: an analysis of the process in five groups of patients","volume":"253","author":"Del Valle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.12.047","article-title":"Public beliefs about and attitudes towards bipolar disorder: testing theory based models of stigma","volume":"175","author":"Ellison","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08071006","article-title":"Obsessions and compulsions in the community: prevalence, interference, help-seeking, developmental stability, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions","volume":"166","author":"Fullana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.080","article-title":"What do Spanish adolescents think about obsessive-compulsive disorder? Mental health literacy and stigma associated with symmetry\/order and aggression-related symptoms","volume":"250","author":"Garc\u00eda-Soriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.07.009","article-title":"Factors associated with non-treatment or delayed treatment seeking in ocd sufferers: a review of the literature","volume":"220","author":"Garc\u00eda-Soriano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0025","series-title":"Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity","author":"Goffman","year":"1963"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867412442406","article-title":"Belief in the dangerousness of people with mental disorders: a review","volume":"46","author":"Jorm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.2466\/13.15.PR0.107.5.547-552","article-title":"Differences in attributions of mental illness and social distance for portrayals of four mental disorders","volume":"107","author":"Kasow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1328","article-title":"Public conceptions of mental illness: labels, causes, dangerousness, and social distance","volume":"89","author":"Link","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370404900508","article-title":"Beliefs about schizophrenia in Italy: a comparative nationwide survey of the general public, mental health professionals, and patients' relatives","volume":"49","author":"Magliano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670701787545","article-title":"Social distance and perceived dangerousness across four diagnostic categories of mental disorder","volume":"42","author":"Marie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.09.005","article-title":"Multiple pathways to functional impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"30","author":"Markarian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2016.12.006","article-title":"Stigma and recognition of different types of symptoms in OCD","volume":"12","author":"McCarty","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Obsessive Compuls. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0033","first-page":"31","article-title":"Ergenlerde ruhsal hastal\u0131klara y\u00f6nelik damgalamay\u0131 etkileyen etmenler","volume":"2","author":"Oban","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psikiyatri Hem\u015fireli\u011fi Dergisi"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0503","article-title":"The brown longitudinal obsessive compulsive study: clinical features and symptoms of the sample at intake","volume":"67","author":"Pinto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0035","article-title":"Tak\u0131nt\u0131larla Ba\u015fa \u00c7\u0131kma: Obsesif Kompulsif Bozuklu\u011funuzu Kontrol Alt\u0131na Alman\u0131n Yollar\u0131","author":"Purdon","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.02.022","article-title":"Personal stigma, problem appraisal and perceived need for professional help in currently untreated depressed persons","volume":"139","author":"Schomerus","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.06.015","article-title":"The specificity of public stigma: a comparison of suicide and depression-related stigma","volume":"256","author":"Sheehan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/18374905.2014.11081898","article-title":"Mental health stigma update: a review of consequences","volume":"12","author":"Sickel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0039","series-title":"Help-seeking for Obsessions and Compulsions","author":"Simonds","year":"2001"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-003-0637-0","article-title":"Attitudes toward obsessive compulsive disorders: an experimental investigation","volume":"38","author":"Simonds","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0041","series-title":"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic","first-page":"522","author":"Steketee","year":"2004"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2004.03.004","article-title":"Experience of stigmatization by relatives of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"18","author":"Stengler-Wenzke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0507-8","article-title":"Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: prevalence, correlates, help-seeking and quality of life in a multiracial Asian population","volume":"47","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0043","article-title":"The experiences of help-seeking in people with obsessive compulsive disorder: an internet survey","volume":"9","author":"Vuong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cognit. Behav. Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.603","article-title":"Failure and delay in initial treatment contact after first onset of mental disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2015.01.003","article-title":"Impact of a brief education about mental illness on stigma of OCD and violent thoughts","volume":"5","author":"Warman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Obsessive Compuls. Relat. Disord."}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178118307844?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178118307844?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T18:52:23Z","timestamp":1662576743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178118307844"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0165178118307844"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Public stigma of obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenic disorder: Is there really any difference?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.12.065","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}