{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:05:19Z","timestamp":1780581919226,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008897","name":"Janssen Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019120","name":"Otsuka America","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019120","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T02:07:27Z","timestamp":1549332447000},"page":"759-766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Long-term clinical efficacy of maintenance electroconvulsive therapy in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia on clozapine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Tak","family":"Youn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Hoon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Sik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7852-7430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In Won","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000090","article-title":"Combination of maintenance electroconvulsive therapy and clozapine in treating a patient with refractory schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"Bannour","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. ECT."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.02.828","article-title":"Continuation electroconvulsive therapy for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia","author":"Braga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0003","first-page":"150","article-title":"Maintenance ECT in mentally retarded, treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients","volume":"15","author":"Chanpattana","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. ECT."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2018.16.3.339","article-title":"The effects of continuation-maintenance electroconvulsive therapy on reducing hospital re-admissions in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0005","first-page":"257","article-title":"Effectivity and cost-effectivity of maintenance electroconvulsive therapy: A mirror naturalistic analysis","volume":"45","author":"Cosculluela","year":"2017","journal-title":"Actas. Esp. Psiquiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3589-7","article-title":"Case report: Successful use of the combination of electroconvulsive therapy and clozapine in treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia and catatonia in an adult with intellectual disability","volume":"48","author":"Desarkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Autism. Dev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2016.1165668","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of antipsychotic cotreatment in patients with schizophrenia: Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"15","author":"Galling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0008","first-page":"1","article-title":"ECT in schizophrenia: a review of the evidence","author":"Grover","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta. Neuropsychiatrica."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200601000-00012","article-title":"Concurrent administration of clozapine and electroconvulsive therapy in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"29","author":"Havaki-Kontaxaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0010","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand. J. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16050503","article-title":"Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) Working Group Consensus Guidelines on Diagnosis and Terminology","volume":"174","author":"Howes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0012","first-page":"853","article-title":"Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who receive multiple electroconvulsive therapy sessions: characteristics, indications, and results","volume":"11","author":"Iancu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800330013001","article-title":"Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic: A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine","volume":"45","author":"Kane","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e383","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16m10686","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness and cognitive impact of electroconvulsive therapy for schizophrenia: A large retrospective study","volume":"78","author":"Kaster","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16010118","article-title":"A novel strategy for continuation ECT in geriatric depression: Phase 2 of the PRIDE study","volume":"173","author":"Kellner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.11.2.101","article-title":"Management of clozapine-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Kerwin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Psychiatr. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-004-0517-y","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of clozapine nonresponders suffering from schizophrenia: An open label study","volume":"254","author":"Kho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2017.14.1.58","article-title":"Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy augmentation on clozapine-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2018.05.15","article-title":"Combination of electroconvulsive therapy and clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0020","first-page":"131","article-title":"Combining ECT and clozapine int the treatment of clozapine-refractory schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder\u2014A pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Koen","year":"2008","journal-title":"SAJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.01.024","article-title":"Augmentation of clozapine with electroconvulsive therapy in treatment resistant schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"171","author":"Lally","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e318185fa6b","article-title":"Toward individualized post-electroconvulsive therapy care: Piloting the Symptom-Titrated, Algorithm-Based Longitudinal ECT (STABLE) intervention","volume":"24","author":"Lisanby","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. ECT."},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442563","article-title":"A prospective study of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients, I: Preliminary report","volume":"99","author":"Meltzer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1590\/0101-60830000000116","article-title":"Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy augmentation for partial response to clozapine: A pilot randomized ECT\u2014sham controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Melzer-Ribeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.07.001","article-title":"New therapeutic approaches for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A look to the future","volume":"58","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8813","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008813","article-title":"Achieving stable remission with maintenance electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A case report","volume":"96","author":"Moeller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2014.956082","article-title":"Augmentation strategies in partial responder and\/or treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients treated with clozapine","volume":"15","author":"Muscatello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13060787","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy augmentation in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia: A prospective, randomized study","volume":"172","author":"Petrides","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.08.005","article-title":"Clozapine resistance: Augmentation strategies","volume":"22","author":"Porcelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0030","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181a09d4d","article-title":"Measuring electroencephalographic seizure adequacy during electroconvulsive therapy: A comparison of 2 definitions","volume":"25","author":"Rattehalli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. ECT."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200519100-00004","article-title":"Augmentation strategies in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"19","author":"Remington","year":"2005","journal-title":"CNS Drugs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.10.1299","article-title":"Continuation pharmacotherapy in the prevention of relapse following electroconvulsive therapy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"285","author":"Sackeim","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000253","article-title":"Maintenance electroconvulsive therapy in severe bipolar disorder: A retrospective chart review","volume":"32","author":"Santos Pina","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. ECT."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000197","article-title":"Acute electroconvulsive therapy followed by maintenance electroconvulsive therapy decreases hospital re-admission rates of older patients with severe mental illness","volume":"31","author":"Shelef","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. ECT."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S74303","article-title":"Factors associated with the risk of relapse in schizophrenic patients after a response to electroconvulsive therapy: A retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Shibasaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00317.x","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy: An effective therapy of medication-resistant bipolar disorder","volume":"8","author":"Sienaert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bipolar. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.46.3.265","article-title":"Maintenance electroconvulsive therapy for chronic mentally ill patients: A case series","volume":"46","author":"Stiebel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychitr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200406000-00005","article-title":"One-year outcome after response to ECT in middle-aged and elderly patients with intractable catatonic schizophrenia","volume":"20","author":"Suzuki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. ECT."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181efa1b2","article-title":"A review of continuation electroconvulsive therapy: Application, safety, and efficacy","volume":"26","author":"Trevino","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. ECT."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.03.033","article-title":"Maintenance ECT in schizophrenia: A systematic review","volume":"264","author":"Ward","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008_bib0042","first-page":"1","article-title":"Key updates in the clinical application of electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"13","author":"Weiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178118324144?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178118324144?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T05:33:49Z","timestamp":1759037629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178118324144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0165178118324144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Long-term clinical efficacy of maintenance electroconvulsive therapy in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia on clozapine","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}