{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:06:00Z","timestamp":1793822760358,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T23:15:55Z","timestamp":1587165355000},"page":"112948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence, gender correlates, and co-morbidity of trichotillomania"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"288","author":[{"given":"Jon E.","family":"Grant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darin D.","family":"Dougherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0001","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0003","first-page":"176","article-title":"Trichotillomania: a clinical study of 36 patients","volume":"90","author":"Chang","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0004","first-page":"415","article-title":"Estimated lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania in college students","volume":"52","author":"Christenson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christenson, G.A., Mackenzie, T.B., Mitchell, J.E. 1991b. Characteristics of 60 adult chronic hair pullers. Am. J. Psychiatry. 148, 365\u201370. doi:10.1176\/ajp.148.3.365.","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.3.365"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(94)71788-6","article-title":"Adult men and women with trichotillomania. A comparison of male and female characteristics","volume":"35","author":"Christenson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychosomatics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.07.015","article-title":"Thephenomenology of hairpulling in a community sample","volume":"23","author":"Duke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2012.09.003","article-title":"Prevalence, phenomenology and diagnostic criteria of hair-pulling in an Italian non-clinical sample: a preliminary study","volume":"2","author":"Ghisi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Obsessive-Compuls. Relat. Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(93)90021-U","article-title":"Trichotillomania","volume":"34","author":"Graber","year":"1993","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.11.2184","article-title":"Impulse control disorders in adult psychiatric inpatients","volume":"162","author":"Grant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15111432","article-title":"Trichotillomania","volume":"173","author":"Grant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/104012371602800205","article-title":"Sex differences in trichotillomania","volume":"28","author":"Grant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2565","article-title":"Trichotillomania among young adults: prevalence and comorbidity","volume":"97","author":"Grzesiak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.02.063","article-title":"Comorbidity and quality of life in adults with hair-pulling disorder","volume":"239","author":"Houghton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.10.002","article-title":"Body-focused repetitive behaviors: more prevalent than once thought?","volume":"270","author":"Houghton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1177\/104012371602800409","article-title":"Predictors of comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and skin-picking disorder in trichotillomania","volume":"28","author":"Keuthen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199509000-00019","article-title":"An epidemiological study of trichotillomania in Israeli adolescents","volume":"34","author":"King","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01456","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1456","article-title":"Comorbidity in trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder): a cluster analytical approach","volume":"9","author":"Lochner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.08.004","article-title":"Hair-pulling and its affective correlates in an African-American university sample","volume":"21","author":"Mansueto","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.04.006","article-title":"Impulse control disorders in psychiatric inpatients","volume":"188","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0021","article-title":"Impulse-control disorders in a college sample: results from the self-administered Minnesota impulse disorders interview (MIDI)","volume":"12","author":"Odlaug","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J. Clin. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0022","first-page":"72","article-title":"Prevalence of trichotillomania in a college freshman population","volume":"54","author":"Rothbaum","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-614","article-title":"Prevalence of body-focused repetitive behaviors in three large medical colleges of Karachi: a cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.06.014","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of clinically significant body-focused repetitive behaviors in a non-clinical sample","volume":"86","author":"Solley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-6185(94)90010-8","article-title":"Nonclinical hair-pulling: phenomenology and related psychopathology","volume":"8","author":"Stanley","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Anx. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)E0018-E","article-title":"Nonclinical hair-pulling: affective correlates and comparison with clinical samples","volume":"33","author":"Stanley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0027","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. 2017. Table 1. Educational attainment of the population 18 years and over, by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin: 2017 (All races). Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/tables\/2017\/demo\/education-attainment\/cps-detailed-tables.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0028","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. 2018a. Annual estimates of the resident population for selected age groups by sex for the United States, states, counties, and Puerto rico commonwealth and Municipios: april 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017 (2017 population estimates). Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/datasets\/2017\/demo\/popest\/nation-detail.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0029","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. 2018b. Annual estimates of the resident population by single year of age and sex for the United States: april 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017 more information (2017 population estimates). Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/data\/datasets\/2017\/demo\/popest\/nation-detail.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n1207","article-title":"Trichotillomania learning center-scientific advisory board. The Trichotillomania Impact Project (TIP): exploring phenomenology, functional impairment, and treatment utilization","volume":"67","author":"Woods","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178120303553?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178120303553?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T05:40:04Z","timestamp":1759038004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178120303553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0165178120303553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence, gender correlates, and co-morbidity of trichotillomania","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112948"}}