{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:56:37Z","timestamp":1792108597470,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,12]],"date-time":"2020-04-12T17:55:08Z","timestamp":1586714108000},"page":"112954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2632,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"288","author":[{"given":"Yeen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6394(1997)6:2<78::AID-DA4>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Hypochondriacal concerns and somatization in panic disorder","volume":"6","author":"Furer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.121","article-title":"Gender differences in depression, anxiety, and stress among college students: a longitudinal study from China","volume":"263","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28033","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28033","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the prevalence of anxiety disorders in mainland China from 2000 to 2015","volume":"6","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0602.000201","article-title":"Rumors of disease in the global village: Outbreak verification","volume":"6","author":"Grein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0006","first-page":"660","article-title":"Polysomnographically measured sleep abnormalities in PTSD: a meta-analytic review","volume":"44","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370705200405","article-title":"Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.10.003","article-title":"Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients","volume":"87","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0009","first-page":"103","article-title":"Reliability and Validity of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Chin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1159\/000095443","article-title":"The mental health of hospital workers dealing with severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.03.001","article-title":"Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors","volume":"31","author":"Mak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0012","first-page":"1245","article-title":"The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital","volume":"168","author":"Maunder","year":"2003","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370705200406","article-title":"Immediate and sustained psychological impact of an emerging infectious disease outbreak on health care workers","volume":"52","author":"McAlonan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0014","unstructured":"National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, 2020, News: 21,569 medical staff have been sent to support Hubei. Accessed February 17, 2020. http:\/\/www.nhc.gov.cn\/wjw\/xinw\/xwzx.shtml."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paules, C.I., Marston, H.D., Fauci, A.S., 2020. Coronavirus infections-more than just the common cold: JAMA. Published online January 23, 2020. doi:10.1001\/jama.2020.0757.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.0757"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0016","unstructured":"People's daily of China, 2020. The novel coronavirus can be inhibited by Chinese patent medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid. Accessed January 31, 2020. http:\/\/search.people.com.cn\/cnpeople\/news\/getNewsResult.jsp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2005.12.006","article-title":"Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and psychological adaptation of the nurses in a structured SARS caring unit during outbreak: a prospective and periodic assessment study in Taiwan","volume":"41","author":"Su","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0020","unstructured":"The Japan Times, 2020. Japanese official looking after Wuhan returnees found dead. Accessed February 3, 2020. https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2020\/02\/02\/national\/crime-legal\/japanese-official-looking-wuhan-returnees-found-dead\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.11.019","article-title":"Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) among Chinese people with epilepsy","volume":"120","author":"Tong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0023","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 2020a. Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): situation report. Accessed February 15, 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/situationreports."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0024","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 2020b. Current novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Accessed January 30, 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/coronavirus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0025","first-page":"168","article-title":"Reliability and validity of generalized anxiety scale-7 in inpatients in Chinese general hospital","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0026","unstructured":"Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, 2020. Report of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in China. Published January 20, 2020. Accessed January 31, 2020. http:\/\/wjw.wuhan.gov.cn\/front\/web\/showDetail\/2020012009077."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0027","unstructured":"XINHUANET, 2020. The Latest: China confirms human-to-human transmission of 2019-nCoV, infections among medical staff. Accessed January 21, 2020. http:\/\/www.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2020-01\/21\/c_138722888.htm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0028","first-page":"506","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the simplified version of the Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression in the national adult population","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0029","first-page":"139","article-title":"Establishing a national urban norm for the Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113803","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000}}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178120306077?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178120306077?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T05:39:50Z","timestamp":1759037990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178120306077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0165178120306077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.02.19.20025395","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112954","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112954"}}