{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:10:53Z","timestamp":1791850253213,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T11:37:44Z","timestamp":1597750664000},"page":"113407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":167,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Psychological factors associated with substance use initiation during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"293","author":[{"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin M.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorra","family":"Garey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Zvolensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.O.00012","article-title":"Is there truly \u201cno significant difference\u201d?: Underpowered randomized controlled trials in the orthopaedic literature","volume":"97","author":"Abdullah","year":"2015","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.111.1.33","article-title":"Addiction motivation reformulated: an affective processing model of negative reinforcement","volume":"111","author":"Baker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.07.006","article-title":"Current theoretical models of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): conceptual review and treatment implications","volume":"23","author":"Behar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.12.008","article-title":"Using cannabis to help you sleep: Heightened frequency of medical cannabis use among those with PTSD","volume":"136","author":"Bonn-Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0005","series-title":"Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Advances in Research and Practice","first-page":"77","article-title":"Avoidance theory of worry and generalized anxiety disorder","author":"Borkovec","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931236","article-title":"The psychological sequelae of disaster stress prospectively and retrospectively evaluated","volume":"18","author":"Bravo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Community Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22032","article-title":"A biopsychosocial model of social anxiety and substance use","volume":"30","author":"Buckner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depression Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7717.2009.01136.x","article-title":"Patterns of substance use among Hurricane Katrina evacuees in Houston, Texas","volume":"34","author":"Cepeda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Disasters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0009","first-page":"199","article-title":"Opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia","volume":"91","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0010","first-page":"26","article-title":"Quantifying clinical relevance","volume":"11","author":"Citrome","year":"2014","journal-title":"Innov. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"A power primer","volume":"112","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.2.117","article-title":"Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: development and validation of a four-factor model","volume":"6","author":"Cooper","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490090316","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity following Hurricane Andrew","volume":"9","author":"David","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.06.008","article-title":"COVID-19 and addiction","volume":"14","author":"Dubey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/0091450915570309","article-title":"PTSD and Cannabis-related coping among recent veterans in New York City","volume":"42","author":"Elliott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemp. Drug Probl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-020-00321-z","article-title":"Directional effects of anxiety and depressive disorders with substance use: a review of recent prospective research","author":"Garey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Addict. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.08.006","article-title":"The downward spiral of chronic pain, prescription opioid misuse, and addiction: cognitive, affective, and neuropsychopharmacologic pathways","volume":"37","author":"Garland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.110159","article-title":"Drug treatment of SARS-Cov2: potential effects in patients with substance use disorders (SUD)","volume":"135","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032013-182435","article-title":"Mental health consequences of disasters","volume":"35","author":"Goldmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19, 2020. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0021","unstructured":"Hedges, L.V., 2016. Distribution theory for glass's estimator of effect size and related estimators: J. Educ. Stat. 10.3102\/10769986006002107."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024519","article-title":"An internalizing pathway to alcohol and substance use disorders","volume":"25","author":"Hussong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2008.08.005","article-title":"Stress-related factors in cannabis use and misuse: implications for prevention and treatment","volume":"36","author":"Hyman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01740.x","article-title":"Increased substance use in survivors of the Herald of Free Enterprise disaster","volume":"66","author":"Joseph","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Med. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0025","article-title":"Defining a clinically meaningful effect for the design and interpretation of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Keefe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Innov. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0026","first-page":"211","article-title":"Worry, fear, and concern differentiated","volume":"14","author":"Levy","year":"1976","journal-title":"Isr. Ann. Psychiatry Relat. Discipl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30077-8","article-title":"Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.9.2.147","article-title":"The persistence of underpowered studies in psychological research: causes, consequences, and remedies","volume":"9","author":"Maxwell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0030","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders","author":"McHugh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90135-6","article-title":"Development and validation of the penn state worry questionnaire","volume":"28","author":"Meyer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0032","unstructured":"National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2020. Most commonly used addictive drugs. [WWW Document]. URLhttps:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/media-guide\/most-commonly-used-addictive-drugson 2020, August 3."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.131","article-title":"Postdisaster course of alcohol use disorders in systematically studied survivors of 10 disasters","volume":"68","author":"North","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.5.857","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in rescue workers after the Oklahoma City bombing","volume":"159","author":"North","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113096","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on substance use: implications for prevention and treatment","volume":"289","author":"Ornell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01481.x","article-title":"Tobacco use after experiencing a major natural disaster: analysis of a longitudinal study of 2063 young adults","volume":"101","author":"Parslow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0037","article-title":"Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic","volume":"0","author":"Pfefferbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2016.12.002","article-title":"Modern history of medical cannabis: from widespread use to prohibitionism and back","volume":"38","author":"Pisanti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1191-0","article-title":"Age of onset of substance use and psychosocial problems among individuals with substance use disorders","volume":"17","author":"Poudel","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.12.001","article-title":"Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research","volume":"6","author":"Richardson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Educ. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2004.05.005","article-title":"Worry moderates the relation between negative affectivity and affect-related substance use in adolescent males: a prospective study of maladaptive emotional self-regulation","volume":"38","author":"Shoal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2020.0628","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 and opioid use\u2014a pandemic within an epidemic","volume":"1","author":"Slat","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-12-00156.1","article-title":"Using effect size\u2014or why the P value is not enough","volume":"4","author":"Sullivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Grad. Med. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30026-1","article-title":"Early epidemiological analysis of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak based on crowdsourced data: a population-level observational study","volume":"2","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-015-0892-6","article-title":"Underpowered samples, false negatives, and unconscious learning","volume":"23","author":"Vadillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113047","article-title":"COVID19 pandemic and people with opioid use disorder: innovation to reduce risk","volume":"289","author":"Vecchio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-92","article-title":"Exposure to the tsunami disaster, PTSD symptoms and increased substance use \u2013 an internet based survey of male and female residents of Switzerland","volume":"8","author":"Vetter","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1212","article-title":"Collision of the COVID-19 and addiction epidemics","author":"Volkow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0049","article-title":"Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.003","article-title":"The association of specific traumatic experiences with cannabis initiation and transition to problem use: differences between African-American and European-American women","volume":"162","author":"Werner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6548","article-title":"COVID-19 and African Americans","author":"Yancy","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30090-0","article-title":"Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic","volume":"7","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178120322563?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178120322563?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T05:43:44Z","timestamp":1759038224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178120322563"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0165178120322563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Psychological factors associated with substance use initiation during the COVID-19 pandemic","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113407","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113407"}}