{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:35:56Z","timestamp":1790217356998,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T11:02:38Z","timestamp":1627902158000},"page":"114149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Carbamazepine\/oxcarbazepine and valproate have different effects on the electroconvulsive therapy seizure threshold"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"304","author":[{"given":"Erika","family":"Pahuja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagadisha","family":"Thirthalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferose Azeez","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chittaranjan","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149_bib0001","series-title":"The Practice of ECT: Recommendations for Treatment. Training and Privileging","author":"Association","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149_bib0002","series-title":"Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Brunton","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149_bib0003","series-title":"Post-Randomization Bias","author":"Cook","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149_bib0004","article-title":"Augmentation strategies in electroconvulsive therapy: a synthesis","author":"Nobler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Convuls. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000357","article-title":"Concomitant anticonvulsants with bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy: a randomized controlled trial with clinical and neurobiological application","volume":"33","author":"Rakesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149_bib0006","first-page":"803","article-title":"Stimulus intensity, seizure threshold, and seizure duration: impact on the efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"14","author":"Sackeim","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3180330059","article-title":"Anticonvulsants during electroconvulsive therapy: review and recommendations","volume":"23","author":"Sienaert","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149_bib0008","series-title":"Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice","author":"Stoelting","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2010.508538","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs\u2013ECT combination: need for systematic studies","volume":"11","author":"Thirthalli","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.05.008","article-title":"Comparison of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with or without anti-epileptic drugs in bipolar disorder","volume":"127","author":"Virupaksha","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149_bib0011","series-title":"The ECT Handbook","author":"Waite","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178121004455?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178121004455?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T05:52:02Z","timestamp":1759038722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178121004455"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["S0165178121004455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Carbamazepine\/oxcarbazepine and valproate have different effects on the electroconvulsive therapy seizure threshold","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114149","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114149"}}