{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:46:36Z","timestamp":1790999196025,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["46131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T01:45:24Z","timestamp":1658886324000},"page":"114737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Adjuvant palmitoylethanolamide therapy with risperidone improves negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"316","author":[{"given":"Anahita","family":"Salehi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parsa","family":"Namaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fateme","family":"TaghaviZanjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayna","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamyar","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad-Reza","family":"Khodaei Ardakani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Akhondzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12324","article-title":"Celecoxib adjunctive therapy for acute bipolar mania: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Arabzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.11.008","article-title":"Beneficial antipsychotic effects of allopurinol as add-on therapy for schizophrenia: a double blind, randomized and placebo controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Akhondzadeh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0003","first-page":"10","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) as a Potential Therapeutic Agent in Alzheimer's Disease","author":"Beggiato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-2124-0","article-title":"AVE1625, a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, as a co-treatment with antipsychotics for schizophrenia: improvement in cognitive function and reduction of antipsychotic-side effects in rodents","volume":"215","author":"Black","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9707","article-title":"Current perspectives in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a narrative review (Review)","volume":"21","author":"C\u0103p\u0103\u021b\u00een\u0103","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby058","article-title":"Global Epidemiology and Burden of Schizophrenia: findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"44","author":"Charlson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.02.013","article-title":"Manual for the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS)","volume":"76","author":"Chouinard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0008","first-page":"20","article-title":"Risperidone side effects","volume":"61","author":"Conley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S225643","article-title":"Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: a Review and Clinical Guide for Recognition, Assessment, and Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Correll","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0010","series-title":"DSM-5","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-2-5","article-title":"Endocannabinoid signalling in the blood of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"2","author":"De Marchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00552-2","article-title":"Studies on [3H]CP-55940 binding in the human central nervous system: regional specific changes in density of cannabinoid-1 receptors associated with schizophrenia and cannabis use","volume":"103","author":"Dean","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.115","article-title":"New approaches and challenges to targeting the endocannabinoid system","volume":"17","author":"Di Marzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbj055","article-title":"Treatment of Schizophrenia Negative Symptoms: future Prospects","volume":"32","author":"Erhart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9697-5","article-title":"Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia","volume":"54","author":"Fakhoury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000001","article-title":"N-Acetylcysteine as an Adjunct to Risperidone for Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study","volume":"36","author":"Farokhnia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01070.x","article-title":"Cannabis use predicts future psychotic symptoms, and vice versa","volume":"100","author":"Ferdinand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Structured clinical interview for the DSM (SCID)","author":"First","year":"2014","journal-title":"The encyclopedia of clinical psychology"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.04.033","article-title":"Impaired functional connectivity of brain reward circuitry in patients with schizophrenia and cannabis use disorder: effects of cannabis and THC","volume":"158","author":"Fischer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu170","article-title":"Treatments of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: meta-Analysis of 168 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials","volume":"41","author":"Fusar-Poli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13020","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide for the treatment of pain: pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy","volume":"82","author":"Gabrielsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.177901","article-title":"The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia","volume":"177","author":"Keepers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.02.012","article-title":"l-carnosine as an add-on to risperidone for treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"262","author":"Ghajar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr030","article-title":"Age of Onset of Schizophrenia: perspectives From Structural Neuroimaging Studies","volume":"37","author":"Gogtay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721410378032","article-title":"Ventral Hippocampus, Interneurons, and Schizophrenia:a New Understanding of the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Its Implications for Treatment and Prevention","volume":"19","author":"Grace","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.06.022","article-title":"Does cannabidiol have a role in the treatment of schizophrenia?","volume":"176","author":"Gururajan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4982-9","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide prevents neuroinflammation, reduces astrogliosis and preserves recognition and spatial memory following induction of neonatal anoxia-ischemia","volume":"235","author":"Holubiec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33537","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033537","article-title":"Site-specific and time-dependent activation of the endocannabinoid system after transection of long-range projections","volume":"7","author":"Kallendrusch","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318204825b","article-title":"Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonist rimonabant on psychiatric symptoms in overweight people with schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, pilot study","volume":"31","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.04.022","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide as adjunctive therapy for autism: efficacy and safety results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"103","author":"Khalaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2018.1449966","article-title":"Familial abnormalities of endocannabinoid signaling in schizophrenia","volume":"20","author":"Koethe","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2016.0030","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide Modulates GPR55 Receptor Signaling in the Ventral Hippocampus to Regulate Mesolimbic Dopamine Activity, Social Interaction, and Memory Processing","volume":"2","author":"Kramar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.41499.x","article-title":"Anticonvulsant activity of N-palmitoylethanolamide, a putative endocannabinoid, in mice","volume":"42","author":"Lambert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867023370707","article-title":"The Palmitoylethanolamide Family: a New Class of Anti-Inflammatory Agents ?","volume":"9","author":"Lambert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0037","first-page":"1","article-title":"American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines; Work Group on Schizophrenia. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"161","author":"Lehman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.15","article-title":"Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia","volume":"2","author":"Leweke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-3","article-title":"Evaluating dose response from flexible dose clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Lipkovich","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.329","article-title":"Hippocampal Cannabinoid Transmission Modulates Dopamine Neuron Activity: impact on Rewarding Memory Formation and Social Interaction","volume":"40","author":"Loureiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.05.012","article-title":"The search for the palmitoylethanolamide receptor","volume":"77","author":"LoVerme","year":"2005","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.6.825","article-title":"Risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"151","author":"Marder","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5188","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212802884843","article-title":"Anandamide Dysfunction in Prodromal and Established Psychosis","volume":"18","author":"Markus Leweke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2014.05.006","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide in CNS health and disease","volume":"86","author":"Mattace Raso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2018.12.004","article-title":"Schizophrenia, Dopamine and the Striatum: from Biology to Symptoms","volume":"42","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3360","article-title":"Schizophrenia-An Overview","volume":"77","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.6.975","article-title":"Placebo-controlled evaluation of four novel compounds for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder","volume":"161","author":"Meltzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitra, S., Mahintamani, T., Kavoor, A., Nizamie, S., 2016. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Ind. Psychiatry J. 25 (2), 135\u2013144. 10.4103\/ipj.ipj_30_15\">.","DOI":"10.4103\/ipj.ipj_30_15"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000063","article-title":"N- acetylcysteine as an adjunctive therapy to risperidone for treatment of irritability in autism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of efficacy and safety","volume":"38","author":"Nikoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.1999.00238.x","article-title":"Piracetam in the treatment of schizophrenia: implications for the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia","volume":"24","author":"Noorbala","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12370","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine augmentation therapy for moderate-to-severe obsessive-compulsive disorder: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Paydary","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacy Therapeutics"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7942","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217942","article-title":"The Basal Pharmacology of Palmitoylethanolamide","volume":"21","author":"Rankin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200203000-00014","article-title":"Weight gain associated with olanzapine and risperidone in adolescent patients: a comparative prospective study","volume":"41","author":"Ratzoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaa006","article-title":"Resveratrol Adjunct Therapy for Negative Symptoms in Patients With Stable Schizophrenia: a Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"23","author":"Samaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117735684","article-title":"Medicinal cannabis (Bedrolite) substitution therapy in inpatients with a psychotic disorder and a comorbid cannabis use disorder: a case series","volume":"32","author":"Schipper","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000596","article-title":"Cannabidiol as a treatment option for schizophrenia: recent evidence and current studies","volume":"33","author":"Schoevers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370204700106","article-title":"Atypical Antipsychotics: mechanism of Action","volume":"47","author":"Seeman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136064","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system as a therapeutic target for schizophrenia: failures and potentials","volume":"759","author":"Seillier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.02.004","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of GPR55, a putative cannabinoid receptor","volume":"126","author":"Sharir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3984","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.9.3984","article-title":"The ALIAmide palmitoylethanolamide and cannabinoids, but not anandamide, are protective in a delayed postglutamate paradigm of excitotoxic death in cerebellar granule neurons","volume":"93","author":"Skaper","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23082087","article-title":"Current Concepts and Treatments of Schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"Stepnicki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707133","article-title":"Cannabidiol displays unexpectedly high potency as an antagonist of CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists in vitro","volume":"150","author":"Thomas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12823","article-title":"Glutamate hypothesis in schizophrenia","volume":"73","author":"Uno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (2013): ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 310 (20), 2191\u20132194. 10.1001\/jama.2013.281053.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(11)70596-5","article-title":"N-palmitoylethanolamide, an endocannabinoid, exhibits antidepressant effects in the forced swim test and the tail suspension test in mice","volume":"63","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4980","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212802884744","article-title":"The Endocannabinoid System and Schizophrenia: integration of Evidence","volume":"18","author":"Zamberletti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030833","article-title":"Cannabinoid Receptors and the Endocannabinoid System: signaling and Function in the Central Nervous System","volume":"19","author":"Zou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178122003328?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178122003328?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T05:55:05Z","timestamp":1759038905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178122003328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S0165178122003328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adjuvant palmitoylethanolamide therapy with risperidone improves negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114737","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114737"}}