{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:04:40Z","timestamp":1788865480304,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T11:51:37Z","timestamp":1733140297000},"page":"116308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances cognitive function in schizophrenia: A randomized double-blind sham-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"344","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5523-9762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3211-1744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Romero-Ferreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2254-3343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rolf","family":"Wynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bartolom\u00e9","family":"P\u00e9rez-G\u00e1lvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngeles","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Cabezudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Rodriguez-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0001","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"issue":"9067","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)08258-X","article-title":"Hypofrontality in schizophrenia: distributed dysfunctional circuits in neuroleptic-na\u00efve patients","volume":"349","author":"Andreasen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2010.06.004","article-title":"Improving working memory: the effect of combining cognitive activity and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","volume":"4","author":"Andrews","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0004","first-page":"2269","article-title":"The neurobiology of thought: the groundbreaking discoveries of Patricia Goldman-Rakic 1937-2003","volume":"23","author":"Arnsten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991)"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720003670","article-title":"Efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation on cognitive functioning in brain disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Begemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2017.1331128","article-title":"A review of cognitive remediation approaches for schizophrenia: from top-down to bottom-up, brain training to psychotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Best","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. NeurOther"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0750-8","article-title":"Using prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance proactive cognitive control in schizophrenia","volume":"45","author":"Boudewyn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol.: Off. Publ. Am. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.10.047","article-title":"Cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: an expert working group white paper on core techniques","volume":"215","author":"Bowie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612999","article-title":"Trial of electrical direct-current therapy versus escitalopram for depression","volume":"376","author":"Brunoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.07.008","article-title":"Cognitive outcomes after tDCS in schizophrenia patients with prominent negative symptoms: Results from the placebo-controlled STARTS trial","volume":"235","author":"Bulubas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.10.1071","article-title":"Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity during maintenance and manipulation of information in working memory in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"62","author":"Cannon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199403103301006","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"330","author":"Carpenter","year":"1994","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0013","series-title":"Virtual Reality Supported Therapy for the Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: The V-NeST Feasibility RCT","author":"Cella","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.12.052","article-title":"Enhancement of cognitive insight and higher-order neurocognitive function by fronto-temporal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"208","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102392","article-title":"The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on clinical symptoms in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7753(05)72205-3","article-title":"Ensayos cl\u00ednicos aleatorizados (CONSORT) [Randomized clinical trials (CONSORT)]","volume":"125","author":"Cobos-Carb\u00f3","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Clin. (Barc)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00550","article-title":"Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on neuronal functions","volume":"10","author":"Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.04.006","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in healthy and neuropsychiatric samples: influence of stimulation parameters","volume":"9","author":"Dedoncker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0019","article-title":"Validation of digital visual analog scale pain scoring with a traditional paper-based visual analog scale in adults","volume":"2","author":"Delgado","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. Glob. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2022.05.005","article-title":"Schizophrenia: one name, many different manifestations","volume":"107","author":"Faden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Clin. North Am."},{"issue":"6 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6S18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7006(16)30005-7","article-title":"Sympt\u00f4mes n\u00e9gatifs, \u00e9motions et cognition dans la schizophr\u00e9nie [Negative symptoms, emotion and cognition in schizophrenia]","volume":"41","author":"Fakra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/15691861211065155","article-title":"Impact of psychosocial occupational therapy combined with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the cognitive performance of patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Fathi Azar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hong Kong J. Occup. Therapy: HKJOT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-64","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: an updated metanalysis of the scientific evidence","volume":"12","author":"Fioravanti","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaa051","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines and secondary meta-analysis for the use of transcranial direct current stimulation in neurological and psychiatric disorders","volume":"24","author":"Fregni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112563","article-title":"Computerized cognitive remediation therapy, REHACOM, in first episode of schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"281","author":"Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-022-01416-6","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia: an umbrella review","volume":"272","author":"Gebreegziabhere","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scog.2018.02.003","article-title":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a phase II randomized sham-controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Gomes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.694203","article-title":"Participant experiences of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a treatment for antipsychotic medication induced weight gain","volume":"12","author":"Grycuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.10.006","article-title":"Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis of findings from healthy and neuropsychiatric populations","volume":"9","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.04.032","article-title":"The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on gamma activity and working memory in schizophrenia","volume":"228","author":"Hoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01524-8","article-title":"Efficacy of neurostimulation across mental disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis of 208 randomized controlled trials","volume":"27","author":"Hyde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq057","article-title":"Neuropsychological performance in older patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies","volume":"37","author":"Irani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm046","article-title":"How should DSM-V criteria for schizophrenia include cognitive impairment?","volume":"33","author":"Keefe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr153","article-title":"Clinical trials of potential cognitive-enhancing drugs in schizophrenia: what have we learned so far?","volume":"39","author":"Keefe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.12.025","article-title":"Efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation on the symptom dimensions of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"49","author":"Kennedy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry: J. Assoc. Eur. Psychiatrists"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.11.008","article-title":"The MCCB impairment profile for schizophrenia outpatients: results from the MATRICS psychometric and standardization study","volume":"126","author":"Kern","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.12.009","article-title":"A meta-analysis of transcranial direct current stimulation for schizophrenia: \"Is more better?\"","volume":"110","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0040","first-page":"3","article-title":"The ten-twenty electrode system of the international federation. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology","volume":"52","author":"Klem","year":"1999","journal-title":"Supplement"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2758","article-title":"Alpha7 nicotinic-N-methyl-D-aspartate hypothesis in the treatment of schizophrenia and beyond","volume":"36","author":"Koola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.03.002","article-title":"Targeting cognition in schizophrenia through transcranial direct current stimulation: A systematic review and perspective","volume":"220","author":"Kostova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.06.009","article-title":"Assessment of treatment resistance criteria in non-invasive brain stimulation studies of schizophrenia","volume":"243","author":"Kronick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.MS19053BR1C","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of relapse in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"81","author":"Lauriello","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.10.087","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)","volume":"128","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol.: Off. J. Int. Fed. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.12.003","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of non-invasive brain stimulation on cognitive function for cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"170","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.09.011","article-title":"Effects of bilateral, bipolar-nonbalanced, frontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on negative symptoms and neurocognition in a sample of patients living with schizophrenia: Results of a randomized double-blind sham-controlled trial","volume":"155","author":"Lisoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4022-x","article-title":"Use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance cognitive training: effect of timing of stimulation","volume":"232","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-004-0762-4","article-title":"Schizophrenia and employment - a review","volume":"39","author":"Marwaha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-01949-9","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment","volume":"28","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.135912","article-title":"Left prefrontal transcranial direct-current stimulation reduces symptom-severity and acutely enhances working memory in schizophrenia","volume":"755","author":"Meiron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.002","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric disorders: a comprehensive review","volume":"41","author":"Moffa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. North Am."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612821666150619093648","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of refractory symptoms of schizophrenia. Current evidence and future directions","volume":"21","author":"Mondino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428114548590","article-title":"Missing data: five practical guidelines","volume":"17","author":"Newman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Organ. Res. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07010042","article-title":"The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery, part 1: test selection, reliability, and validity","volume":"165","author":"Nuechterlein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.12.013","article-title":"Stimulating cognition in schizophrenia: A controlled pilot study of the effects of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation upon memory and learning","volume":"10","author":"Orlov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.06.032","article-title":"Improving working memory in schizophrenia: Effects of 1 mA and 2 mA transcranial direct current stimulation to the left DLPFC","volume":"202","author":"Papazova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyu047","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of transcranial direct current stimulation: evidence from in vitro and in vivo models","volume":"18","author":"Pelletier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197023","article-title":"Single transcranial direct current stimulation in schizophrenia: Randomized, cross-over study of neurocognition, social cognition, ERPs, and side effects","volume":"13","author":"Rassovsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.09.013","article-title":"The MCCB impairment profile in a Spanish sample of patients with schizophrenia: effects of diagnosis, age, and gender on cognitive functioning","volume":"169","author":"Rodriguez-Jimenez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.07.011","article-title":"MCCB cognitive profile in Spanish first episode schizophrenia patients","volume":"211","author":"Rodriguez-Jimenez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","article-title":"Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research","volume":"120","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol.: Off. J. Int. Fed. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01894","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1894","article-title":"Psychometric properties of structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders-clinician version (SCID-5-CV)","volume":"11","author":"Shabani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.01.030","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for catatonic schizophrenia: a case study","volume":"146","author":"Shiozawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-020-09454-4","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation does not improve working memory in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"31","author":"Sloan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.06.011","article-title":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognition, symptoms, and smoking in schizophrenia: a randomized controlled study","volume":"168","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11425","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3887-12.2013","article-title":"Widespread modulation of cerebral perfusion induced during and after transcranial direct current stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","volume":"33","author":"Stagg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci.: Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-193","article-title":"Disability and schizophrenia: a systematic review of experienced psychosocial difficulties","volume":"12","author":"\u015awitaj","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.05.028","article-title":"Definition and description of schizophrenia in the DSM-5","volume":"150","author":"Tandon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3199","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation for treating negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"77","author":"Valiengo","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMa Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.06.021","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation influences probabilistic association learning in schizophrenia","volume":"131","author":"Vercammen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0073","series-title":"Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale","author":"Wechsler","year":"1955"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3371\/CSRP.5.3.3","article-title":"Medication adherence and subjective weight perception in patients with first-episode psychotic disorder","volume":"5","author":"Womg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Schizophr. Relat. Psychoses."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00333","article-title":"Social cognition deficits as a target of early intervention for psychoses: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Yamada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081689","article-title":"New targets for schizophrenia treatment beyond the dopamine hypothesis","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.10.006","article-title":"Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in ameliorating negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"224","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2015.1040393","article-title":"Glutamatergic agents for schizophrenia: current evidence and perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Zink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-014-1502-8","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex and the dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178124005936?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178124005936?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]],"date-time":"2025-01-19T10:37:57Z","timestamp":1737283077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178124005936"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S0165178124005936"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances cognitive function in schizophrenia: A randomized double-blind sham-controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116308","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116308"}}