{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T08:51:50Z","timestamp":1782118310405,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T11:45:41Z","timestamp":1763639141000},"page":"116845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Electroconvulsive therapy induces cortical and subcortical structural changes in adolescents with major depressive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"358","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taocui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xumeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renqiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kewei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fajin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0734-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9703-8114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert K.","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangqian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Du","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02318-2","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy-induced volumetric brain changes converge on a common causal circuit in depression","volume":"29","author":"Argyelan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.10.010","article-title":"Major depression in the national comorbidity survey-adolescent supplement: prevalence, correlates, and treatment","volume":"54","author":"Avenevoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnimg.2024.1465612","article-title":"Brain-based correlates of depression and traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies","volume":"3","author":"Baltazar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. NeuroimAging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.47.2.343","article-title":"Assessment of suicidal intention: the scale for suicide ideation","volume":"47","author":"Beck","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01647","article-title":"Evolving concepts of emotion and motivation","volume":"9","author":"Berridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.02.018","article-title":"Pleasure systems in the brain","volume":"86","author":"Berridge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.09.035","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and experience of child and adolescent psychiatrists in Turkey concerning pediatric electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"46","author":"Bilginer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1053\/scnp.2001.21837","article-title":"Prefrontal-subcortical and limbic circuit mediation of major depressive disorder","volume":"6","author":"Brody","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin. Clin. NeuroPsychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.1","article-title":"Neuronal network plasticity and recovery from depression","volume":"70","author":"Castr\u00e9n","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMa Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0010","article-title":"Neuroimaging study of electroconvulsive therapy for depression","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0164","article-title":"Psychotherapy for depression across different age groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMa Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0012","first-page":"1","article-title":"State suicide rates among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24: United States, 2000-2018","volume":"69","author":"Curtin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natl. Vital. Stat. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0013","first-page":"161","article-title":"The network model of depression as a basis for new therapeutic strategies for treating major depressive disorder in Parkinson's disease","volume":"10","author":"D'Ostilio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.72","article-title":"Mammalian empathy: behavioural manifestations and neural basis","volume":"18","author":"de Waal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3182a6ad0d","article-title":"The role of ECT in suicide prevention","volume":"30","author":"Fink","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. ECT."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fink M.Taylor M.A.J.J., 2007. Electroconvulsive therapy: evidence and challenges. 298(3), 330\u2013332.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.3.330"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113505","article-title":"Using routine MRI data of depressed patients to predict individual responses to electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"335","author":"G\u00e4rtner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2019.0054","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of severe mood disorders during adolescence: a retrospective chart review","volume":"30","author":"Ghaziuddin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.05.014","article-title":"Meta-analysis of brain structural changes after electroconvulsive therapy in depression","volume":"14","author":"Gryglewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"issue":"9672","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60372-X","article-title":"Suicide","volume":"373","author":"Hawton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000985","article-title":"Structural changes in depressed patients directly after treatment with electroconvulsive therapy and 3 months later","volume":"40","author":"Jaarsveld","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. ECT."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.035","article-title":"Do increases in deep grey matter volumes after electroconvulsive therapy persist in patients with major depression? A longitudinal MRI-study","volume":"281","author":"Jehna","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-03132-7","article-title":"Neuroplasticity-related genes and dopamine receptors associated with regional cortical thickness increase following electroconvulsive therapy for major depressive disorder","volume":"60","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.5.977","article-title":"Relief of expressed suicidal intent by ECT: a consortium for research in ECT study","volume":"162","author":"Kellner","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13134","article-title":"When to consider electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)","volume":"141","author":"Kellner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.036","article-title":"Appropriateness for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can be assessed on a three-item scale","volume":"79","author":"Kellner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2012.00171","article-title":"101 labeled brain images and a consistent human cortical labeling protocol","volume":"6","author":"Klein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.11.016","article-title":"Parsing the network mechanisms of Electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"92","author":"Leaver","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-017-0819-5","article-title":"Is electroconvulsive therapy an evidence-based treatment for catatonia? a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"268","author":"Leroy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6620","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac529","article-title":"Brain dynamics in triple-network interactions and its relation to multiple cognitive impairments in mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.762343","article-title":"Alteration of whole brain ALFF\/fALFF and degree centrality in adolescents with depression and suicidal ideation after electroconvulsive therapy: a resting-State fMRI study","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12589","article-title":"Superior anti-suicidal effects of electroconvulsive therapy in unipolar disorder and bipolar depression","volume":"20","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bipolar. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796017000488","article-title":"Prevalence of suicidal behaviour and associated factors in a large sample of Chinese adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-111020-103314","article-title":"Neural circuits for emotion","volume":"46","author":"Malezieux","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0035","first-page":"125","article-title":"Neural correlates of emotion regulation and adolescent suicidal ideation","volume":"3","author":"Miller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. NeuroimAging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2033475","article-title":"Depression in adolescents","volume":"385","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00083-6","article-title":"Age may affect response to antidepressants with serotonergic and noradrenergic actions","volume":"76","author":"Mulder","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0038","series-title":"Neurobiology of Depression","first-page":"361","article-title":"Chapter 32 - Electroconvulsive Therapy for Depression: neurobiological mechanisms","author":"Mulders","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.02.020","article-title":"Structural changes induced by electroconvulsive therapy are associated with clinical outcome","volume":"13","author":"Mulders","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.07.010","article-title":"Brain changes induced by electroconvulsive therapy are broadly distributed","volume":"87","author":"Ousdal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.05.023","article-title":"The neurobiological effects of electroconvulsive therapy studied through magnetic resonance: what have we learned, and where do we go?","volume":"91","author":"Ousdal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2021.02.005","article-title":"Neural mechanisms necessary for empathy-related phenomena across species","volume":"68","author":"Paradiso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e832","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.102","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy and structural neuroplasticity in neocortical, limbic and paralimbic cortex","volume":"6","author":"Pirnia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.5.595","article-title":"Half a century of ECT use in young people","volume":"154","author":"Rey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.09.015","article-title":"Adolescent and adult differences in major depression symptom profiles","volume":"243","author":"Rice","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.60","article-title":"Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group","volume":"22","author":"Schmaal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-019-01033-w","article-title":"Exploring cortical predictors of clinical response to electroconvulsive therapy in major depression","volume":"270","author":"Schmitgen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2017.11","article-title":"Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on hippocampal and amygdala volumes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"212","author":"Takamiya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9820","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60871-4","article-title":"Depression in adolescence","volume":"379","author":"Thapar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_491_22","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the use of electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"65","author":"Thirthalli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2017.28","article-title":"Prediction of electroconvulsive therapy response and remission in major depression: meta-analysis","volume":"212","author":"van Diermen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00923","article-title":"Structural and functional abnormities of amygdala and prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder with suicide attempts","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.858768","article-title":"Disrupted causal connectivity anchored on the right anterior insula in drug-naive first-episode patients with depressive disorder","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065719500059","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy induces cortical morphological alterations in major depressive disorder revealed with surface-based morphometry analysis","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Neural Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119700","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents and adults with depression: effects, cognitive function and related influencing factors","volume":"389","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102830","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and depression: meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies","volume":"32","author":"Zackov\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05082-3","article-title":"Changes in brain functional networks in remitted major depressive disorder: a six-month follow-up study","volume":"23","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0340-6","article-title":"Systematic review of management for treatment-resistant depression in adolescents","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.04.028","article-title":"Severity classification on the hamilton depression rating scale","volume":"150","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178125004901?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178125004901?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T08:35:25Z","timestamp":1782117325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178125004901"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S0165178125004901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Electroconvulsive therapy induces cortical and subcortical structural changes in adolescents with major depressive disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116845","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116845"}}