{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:37:16Z","timestamp":1792708636922,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025JZDZ024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JZDZ024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003169","name":"South China Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003169","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026A1515011803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026A1515011803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T07:13:59Z","timestamp":1776237239000},"page":"117173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Digital self-harm among adolescents in China: Latent profiles, correlates, and its relationship with suicidal behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"361","author":[{"given":"Mingze","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenjing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingna","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8750-1734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongfang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124104268644","article-title":"Multimodel inference: understad ing AIC and BIC in model selection","volume":"3","author":"Burnham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sociol. Method Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12866","article-title":"Poor family functioning mediates the link between childhood adversity and adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury","volume":"59","author":"Cassels","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30004-3","article-title":"Risk of self-harm after the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in Hong Kong, 2000-10: a nested case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Chai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-015-9727-z","article-title":"The interactive effects of the capability for suicide and major depressive episodes on suicidal behavior in a military sample","volume":"40","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cognit. Ther. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0005","article-title":"Englander, E","author":"Englander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Digital self-harm: Frequency, type, motivations, and outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444820960079","article-title":"Fictitious online victimization: exploration and creation of a measurement instrument","volume":"24","author":"Erreygers","year":"2022","journal-title":"New. Media Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105135","article-title":"Cyberbullying victimization and nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents: the role of maladaptive schemas and dispositional mindfulness","volume":"118","author":"Faura-Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.70173","article-title":"Longitudinal association between parental phubbing and digital self-harm in Chinese adolescents: the roles of psychological distress and gender","volume":"36","author":"Fu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.688472","article-title":"Intrapersonal and interpersonal functions as pathways to future self-harm repetition and suicide attempts","volume":"12","author":"Gardner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2025.102314","article-title":"So close yet so far: digital wounds from parental phubbing on adolescent digital self-harm","volume":"102","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Telemat. Inform."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib51","first-page":"155","article-title":"Development of subjective socioeconomic status scale for Chinese adolescents","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.06.033","article-title":"The associations between non-suicidal self-injury and first onset suicidal thoughts and behaviors","volume":"239","author":"Kiekens","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2015.8.2.114","article-title":"The three-step theory (3ST): a new theory of suicide rooted in the \"ideation-to-action\" framework","volume":"8","author":"Klonsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.07.020","article-title":"Ideation-to-action theories of suicide: a conceptual and empirical update","volume":"22","author":"Klonsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000744","article-title":"Psychotic experiences and subjective cognitive complaints among 224 842 people in 48 low- and middle-income countries","volume":"29","author":"Koyanagi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psych. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/26029","article-title":"A cyberbullying Media-based prevention intervention for adolescents on Instagram: pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Kutok","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR. Ment. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000764","article-title":"Clarifying the definition of nonsuicidal self-injury","volume":"43","author":"Lengel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.03.013","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and risk of completed suicide: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0885-7","article-title":"Poor sleep quality and nightmares are associated with non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.1256","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMa Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/88.3.767","article-title":"Testing the number of components in a normal mixture","volume":"8","author":"Lo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-024-02985-x","article-title":"The influence of Family conflict on adolescent digital self-harm","volume":"34","author":"Loes","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Child Fam. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.06.003","article-title":"Identifying depression with the PHQ-2: a diagnostic meta-analysis","volume":"203","author":"Manea","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-020-09764-z","article-title":"Epidemiology and determinants of self-injury among high school students in Iran: a longitudinal study","volume":"91","author":"Marin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiat. Quart."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.2020.1833380","article-title":"Bullying victimization, negative emotions, and digital self-harm: testing a theoretical model of indirect effects","volume":"43","author":"Meldrum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Deviant. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0025","article-title":"LehmannChildhood adversity, depression, and digital self-harm","author":"Meldrum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. J. Online."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304470","article-title":"2018. Nonsuicidal self-injury among a representative sample of US adolescents","volume":"108","author":"Monto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2009.01613.x","article-title":"Why do people hurt themselves? New insights into the nature and functions of self-injury","volume":"18","author":"Nock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000486","article-title":"Ten frequently asked questions about latent transition analysis","volume":"28","author":"Nylund-Gibson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.12.008","article-title":"Effectiveness of CBT for children and adolescents with depression: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"57","author":"Oud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0030","author":"Pacheco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Digital self-harm: Prevalence, motivations and outcomes for teens who cyberbully themselves"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0032","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adolescent digital self-harm over time: prevalence and perspectives","volume":"23","author":"Patchin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sch. Violence"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.06.012","article-title":"Digital self-harm among adolescents","volume":"61","author":"Patchin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12574","article-title":"Digital self-harm and suicidality among adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Patchin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.12.026","article-title":"Frequency and functions of non-suicidal self-injury: associations with suicidal thoughts and behaviors","volume":"225","author":"Paul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.12.1.103","article-title":"An empirical pooling approach for estimating marketing mix elasticities with PIMS data","volume":"12","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mark. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12457","article-title":"Sleep duration, depressive symptoms, and digital self-harm among adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Semenza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Ment. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12829","article-title":"Cyberbullying and cybervictimization within a cross-cultural context: a study of Canadian and Tanzanian adolescents","volume":"89","author":"Shapka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1080\/13811118.2016.1162245","article-title":"An aspect of the capability for suicide-fearlessness of the pain involved in dying-amplifies the association between suicide ideation and attempts","volume":"20","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Suicide Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537385","article-title":"Psychiatrists' concept of adolescent self-image","volume":"25","author":"Stoller","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.198","article-title":"Prevalence of cyberbullying involvement and its association with clinical correlates among Chinese college students","volume":"367","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00050-9","article-title":"Emotional processing, three modes of mind and the prevention of relapse in depression","volume":"37","author":"Teasdale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000718","article-title":"Psychosocial risk associated with initiation and cessation of nonsuicidal self-injury from adolescence to early adulthood","volume":"131","author":"Turner","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Clin. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib50","unstructured":"UNICEF, 2018. Population status of children in China in 2015: Facts and figures. Available at: https:\/\/www.unicef.cn\/atlas-2018-cn\/ (accessed 24 February 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0043","series-title":"Eds.The Oxford Handbook of the Physiology of Interpersonal Communication","article-title":"The physiology of social pain: examining, problematizing, and contextualizing the experience of social pain","author":"Vangelisti","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.03.005","article-title":"Correlates of suicide attempts among self-injurers: a meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Victor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13658","article-title":"Can digital self-harm relate to suicidal thoughts and behaviors beyond physical self-harm?","volume":"149","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychiat. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-024-02490-y","article-title":"Bidirectional associations between short sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and psychotic-like experiences in adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-023-01528-7","article-title":"Associations between Family function and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese urban adolescents with and without parental migration","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0048","first-page":"1155","article-title":"Examining the validity and reliability of the short form of cyberbullying and cybervictimization (CAV) scale","volume":"30","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J. Clin. Psych."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21778-5","article-title":"Development and validation of a digital self-harm measurement: a population-based study of adolescents in China","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178126002349?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178126002349?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T13:07:29Z","timestamp":1782565649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178126002349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0165178126002349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Digital self-harm among adolescents in China: Latent profiles, correlates, and its relationship with suicidal behaviors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117173","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117173"}}