{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T21:08:25Z","timestamp":1788815305074,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005386","name":"American Psychiatric Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007229","name":"Harvard University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1TR004488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1TR004488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006691","name":"Harvard Medical School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007299","name":"Harvard Catalyst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007299","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:37:34Z","timestamp":1786981054000},"page":"117404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) randomized clinical trials: predicting sex differences in enrollment patterns"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"365","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8320-1910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Koire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5756-0300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelique","family":"Ealy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Rich-Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8440-5934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nichole","family":"Goodsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadine","family":"Joffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Primavera A","family":"Spagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20230104","article-title":"Testing quantitative and qualitative sex effects in a national Swedish twin-sibling study of Posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"181","author":"Amstadter","year":"2024","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.862476","article-title":"Neurobiological alterations in females with PTSD: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Eder-Moreau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0024","first-page":"144","article-title":"Longitudinal trends in sociodemographics, utilization, health profile, and geographic distribution","volume":"4","author":"Frayne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Women Veterans Veterans Health Admin."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001971","article-title":"The emergence of sex differences in PTSD symptoms across development: evidence from the ALSPAC cohort","volume":"50","author":"Haag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-023-01421-z","article-title":"Sex-based contributors to and consequences of post-traumatic Stress disorder","volume":"25","author":"Hiscox","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0002","article-title":"Pharmacological therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of monotherapy, augmentation and head-to-head approaches","volume":"12","author":"Hoskins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000708","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in the world mental health surveys","volume":"47","author":"Koenen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2025.108052","article-title":"Sex differences in clinical trial enrollment in the United States across psychiatric disorders","volume":"156","author":"Koire","year":"2025","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.09.008","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder by gender and Veteran status","volume":"54","author":"Lehavot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.2239","article-title":"Sex and age differences in ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD: an analysis of four general population samples","volume":"64","author":"McGinty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106784","article-title":"Analysis of female enrollment in clinical trials for alcohol and substance use disorders: is it time for sex-informed pharmacotherapy?","volume":"118","author":"Montemitro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0008","series-title":"Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military and Veteran Populations: Final Assessment","article-title":"Committee on the assessment of ongoing efforts in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder; board on the health of select populations; institute of medicine. diagnosis, course, and prevalence of PTSD","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0001","series-title":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113964","article-title":"Predictors and trajectories of treatment response to SSRIs in patients suffering from PTSD","volume":"301","author":"N\u00f8hr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22520","article-title":"Development of the PTSD-repository: a publicly available repository of randomized controlled trials for Posttraumatic Stress disorder","volume":"33","author":"O\u2019Neil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0021","unstructured":"Rusticus SA, Lovato CY. Impact of sample size and variability on the power and type I error rates of equivalence tests: a simulation study. 2026 doi:10.7275\/4S9M-4E81."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.11.005","article-title":"Focusing on trauma-focused psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"14","author":"Schnurr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200519050-00004","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder in women: epidemiological and treatment issues","volume":"19","author":"Seedat","year":"2005","journal-title":"CNS. Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03482-5","article-title":"Associations between testosterone and future PTSD symptoms among middle age and older UK residents","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106718","article-title":"Enrollment of female participants in United States drug and device phase 1\u20133 clinical trials between 2016 and 2019","volume":"115","author":"Sosinsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.3990","article-title":"Representation and outcomes of individuals with Schizophrenia seen in everyday practice who are ineligible for randomized clinical trials","volume":"79","author":"Taipale","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMa Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.6.959","article-title":"Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: a quantitative review of 25 years of research","volume":"132","author":"Tolin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0022","series-title":"Women Veterans Health Care","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0006","article-title":"Research on women, trauma, and PTSD","author":"Vogt","year":"2026","journal-title":"PTSD: National Center for PTSD"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22807","article-title":"Gender differences in disorders comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. Sailors and Marines","volume":"35","author":"Walter","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress."}],"container-title":["Psychiatry Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178126004646?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165178126004646?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T20:24:56Z","timestamp":1788812696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165178126004646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S0165178126004646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-1781"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-1781","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) randomized clinical trials: predicting sex differences in enrollment patterns","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychiatry Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2026.117404","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117404"}}