{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T23:05:04Z","timestamp":1781132704253,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","psychosomaticsjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychosomatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,19]],"date-time":"2016-06-19T12:59:33Z","timestamp":1466341173000},"page":"624-633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Severe Infections are Common in Thiamine Deficiency and May be Related to Cognitive Outcomes: A Cohort Study of 68 Patients With Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Jan W.","family":"Wijnia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Oudman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem A.","family":"van Gool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 I.","family":"Wierdsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esmay L.","family":"Bresser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"van de Wiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis L.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib1","unstructured":"Adams RD, Victor M: Diseases of the nervous system due to nutritional deficiency. In: Adams RD, Victor M, (eds) Principles of Neurology. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1985, pp. 765"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008400","article-title":"B vitamin deficiency and neuropsychiatric syndromes in alcohol misuse","volume":"33","author":"Cook","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(82)90145-9","article-title":"Brain lesions in alcoholics. A neurophological study with clinical correlations","volume":"56","author":"Torvik","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.4.341","article-title":"Clinical signs in the Wernicke-Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy","volume":"49","author":"Harper","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.1.51","article-title":"Operational criteria for the classification of chronic alcoholics: identification of Wernicke\u2019s encephalopathy","volume":"62","author":"Caine","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib6","series-title":"DSM-5","first-page":"490","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agn118","article-title":"The Korsakoff syndrome: clinical aspects, psychology and treatment","volume":"44","author":"Kopelman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(91)90067-I","article-title":"Frontal lobe function in Korsakoff and non-Korsakoff alcoholics: planning and spatial working memory","volume":"29","author":"Joyce","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Korsakoff patients in Rotterdam and surroundings","author":"Wierdsma","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rotterdam: GGD Rotterdam-Rijnmond"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2010.03.003","article-title":"Thiamine deficiency in critically ill patients with sepsis","volume":"2010","author":"Donnino","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.159","article-title":"Sepsis-induced brain dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Adam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e233","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1255","article-title":"Outbreak of life-threatening thiamine deficiency in infants in Israel caused by a defective soy-based formula","volume":"115","author":"Fattal-Valevski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.02.007","article-title":"Myths and misconceptions of Wernicke\u05f3s encephalopathy: what every emergency physician should know","volume":"50","author":"Donnino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib14","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Thiamine deficiency and its prevention and control in major emergencies. World Health Organization; 1999. WHO reference number: WHO\/NHD\/99.13, pp 2,6,11."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70104-7","article-title":"Wernicke\u05f3s encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management","volume":"6","author":"Sechi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.09.128","article-title":"Microglial activation is a major contributor to neurologic dysfunction in thiamine deficiency","volume":"402","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61158-2","article-title":"Systemic infection and delirium: when cytokines and acetylcholine collide","volume":"375","author":"van Gool","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0827","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and MR imaging features of nonalcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy","volume":"29","author":"Fei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib19","unstructured":"Roth M, Huppert FA, Mountjoy CQ, Tym E CAMCOG. Manual. Amsterdam: Pearson; 1992."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799002068","article-title":"Early detection of Alzheimer\u05f3s disease using the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG)","volume":"30","author":"Schmand","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib22","series-title":"Cognitive Screening Test. Manual","author":"de Graaf","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2013.795527","article-title":"Executive functioning in chronic alcoholism and Korsakoff syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Maharasingam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib24","unstructured":"Schmand B, Houx P, de Koning I. Normen voor Stroop kleur-woord tests, Trail Making test, en Story Recall van de Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test [Stroop Color Word Test, Trail Making Test, and Story Recall of the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test. Dutch norms]. Amsterdam: Netherlands Institute of Psychologists, Section of Neuropsychology; 2004."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2008.01758.x","article-title":"Confabulation behavior and false memories in Korsakoff\u05f3s syndrome: role of source memory and executive functioning","volume":"62","author":"Kessels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00498","article-title":"Revisiting the continuum hypothesis: toward an in-depth exploration of executive functions in korsakoff syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Brion","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1984.tb04991.x","article-title":"Hypothermia and infection in Wernicke\u05f3s encephalopathy","volume":"215","author":"Hansen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2013.12.004","article-title":"Serum thiamine concentration and oxidative stress as predictors of mortality in patients with septic shock","volume":"29","author":"Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32834b8911","article-title":"Thiamine supplementation in the critically ill","volume":"14","author":"Manzanares","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-11-11","article-title":"The effect of thiamine deficiency on inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular migration in an experimental model of sepsis","volume":"11","author":"de Andrade","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Inflamm (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.886","article-title":"MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS). Performance and normative values of a concise neuropsychological test (CAMCOG) in an elderly population sample","volume":"18","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2014.169","article-title":"Normative scores of the Cambridge Cognitive Examination-Revised in healthy Spanish population","volume":"27","author":"Pereiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.06.012","article-title":"Etiology and therapeutic approach to elevated lactate levels","volume":"88","author":"Andersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/197140091302600106","article-title":"Wernicke\u05f3s encephalopathy following Hyperemesis gravidarum. A report of three cases","volume":"26","author":"Kotha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2292","article-title":"Wernicke encephalopathy in subjects undergoing restrictive weight loss surgery: a systematic review of literature data","volume":"22","author":"Milone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2014.03.025","article-title":"Thiamine deficiency secondary to anorexia nervosa: an uncommon cause of peripheral neuropathy and Wernicke encephalopathy in adolescence","volume":"51","author":"Renthal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2012.05.010","article-title":"[Wernicke\u05f3s encephalopathy associated with pellagra encephalopathy: rare and unusual complication in an elderly woman hospitalized for aspiration pneumonia]. [French]","volume":"33","author":"Chidlovskii","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"issue":"635","key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib38","first-page":"e5","article-title":"An unlikely culprit\u2014the many guises of thiamine deficiency","volume":"31","author":"Schattner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-205264","article-title":"Severe lactic acidosis and multiorgan failure due to thiamine deficiency during total parenteral nutrition","volume":"2014","author":"Ramsi","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0000000000000041","article-title":"Need for early diagnosis of mental and mobility changes in Wernicke encephalopathy","volume":"27","author":"Wijnia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Neurol"}],"container-title":["Psychosomatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033318216300597?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033318216300597?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T22:12:29Z","timestamp":1748988749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033318216300597"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033318216300597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3182","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Severe Infections are Common in Thiamine Deficiency and May be Related to Cognitive Outcomes: A Cohort Study of 68 Patients With Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychosomatics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psym.2016.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}