{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T17:44:41Z","timestamp":1784828681120,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,8]],"date-time":"2007-01-08T14:22:02Z","timestamp":1168266122000},"page":"133-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["Immune, health and endocrine characteristics of depressed postpartum mothers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Maureen W.","family":"Groer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(98)00022-5","article-title":"Hormonal aspects of postpartum depression","volume":"23","author":"Abou-Saleh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib2","first-page":"2954","article-title":"Suppression of hypothalamic pituitary\u2013adrenal axis responses to stress in lactating women","volume":"80","author":"Altemus","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579402002080","article-title":"Stress hormone levels of children of depressed mothers","volume":"14","author":"Ashman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005237-199709000-00003","article-title":"Relationships of breast and bottle feeding practices with infant health in an urban poor population","volume":"11","author":"Bass","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Neonatal Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1388","article-title":"Cortisol response to ovine corticotrophin-releasing hormone in a model of pregnancy and parturition in euthymic women with and without a history of postpartum depression","volume":"90","author":"Bloch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(90)90088-L","article-title":"Postpartum blues: salivary cortisol and psychological factors","volume":"34","author":"Ehlert","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib9","first-page":"4933","article-title":"IL-12, TNF-alpha, and hormonal changes during late pregnancy and early postpartum: implications for autoimmune disease activity during these times","volume":"86","author":"Elenkov","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.04.006","article-title":"A new view of hypocortisolism","volume":"30","author":"Fries","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91414-2","article-title":"Transdermal oestrogen for treatment of severe postpartum depression","volume":"347","author":"Gregoire","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2005.05.004","article-title":"Measuring depressive symptoms among treatment-resistant seizure disorder patients: POMS Depression scale as an alternative to the BDI-II","volume":"7","author":"Griffith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.1993.9937560","article-title":"Relationships between self-reported symptoms of infection, menstrual-cycle-related distress, and cycle phase","volume":"9","author":"Groer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800405280936","article-title":"Differences between exclusive breastfeeders, formula-feeders, and controls: a study of stress, mood, and endocrine variables","volume":"7","author":"Groer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Res. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00301.x","article-title":"Immunity and infection: differences between breastfeeders, formula feeders and controls","volume":"54","author":"Groer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(99)00224-9","article-title":"The evaluation of determinants of early postpartum low mood: the importance of parity and inter-pregnancy interval","volume":"91","author":"Gurel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6934.949","article-title":"Maternity blues and major endocrine changes: cardiff puerperal mood and hormone study II","volume":"308","author":"Harris","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(98)71355-6","article-title":"Hormonal changes in the postpartum and implications for postpartum depression","volume":"39","author":"Hendrick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.63.3.445","article-title":"Depression prevalence and incidence among inner-city pregnant and postpartum women","volume":"63","author":"Hobfoll","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2003.09.004","article-title":"Stress and the female reproductive system","volume":"62","author":"Kalantaridou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-2-8","article-title":"Pregnant women become insensitive to cold stress","volume":"2","author":"Kammerer","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kammerer, M., Taylor, A., Glover, V., 2006. The HPA axis and perinatal depression: a hypothesis. Arch. Womens Ment. Health, published online, May 19, 2006.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-006-0131-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1177\/109019802237027","article-title":"The effect of maternal depressive symptomatology on maternal behaviors associated with child health","volume":"29","author":"Leiferman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Educ. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)90101-5","article-title":"Lower serum prolyl endopeptidase enzyme activity in major depression: further evidence that peptidases play a role in the pathophysiology of depression","volume":"35","author":"Maes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(95)00049-6","article-title":"Increased serum interleukin-1-receptor-antagonist concentrations in major depression","volume":"36","author":"Maes","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(99)00043-8","article-title":"Immune activation in the early puerperium is related to postpartum anxiety and depressive symptoms","volume":"25","author":"Maes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib29","first-page":"71","article-title":"In the puerperium, primiparae exhibit higher levels of anxiety and serum peptidase activity and greater immune responses than multiparae","volume":"65","author":"Maes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib30","first-page":"1912","article-title":"Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone suppression during the postpartum period: implications for the increase in psychiatric manifestations at this time","volume":"81","author":"Magiakou","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib31","series-title":"Profile of Mood States Manual","author":"McNair","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(03)00031-5","article-title":"Measurement properties of the Epworth sleepiness scale","volume":"4","author":"Miletin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/09540269609037816","article-title":"Rates and risk of postpartum depression\u2014a meta analysis","volume":"8","author":"O\u2019Hara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(87)90603-5","article-title":"Postnatal disappearance of the pregnancy-associated reduced sensitivity of plasma cortisol to feedback inhibition","volume":"41","author":"Owens","year":"1987","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib35","first-page":"230","article-title":"Hormonal basis of mood and postpartum disorders","volume":"3","author":"Parry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Womens Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.9.946","article-title":"Impact of maternal depression on infant nutritional status and illness: a cohort study","volume":"61","author":"Rahman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.19.6.576","article-title":"Stress, psycholosocial resources, and depressive symptomatology during pregnancy in low-income, inner-city women","volume":"19","author":"Ritter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119807","article-title":"Neural-immune interactions in health and disease","volume":"100","author":"Sternberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00429-4","article-title":"Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress","volume":"3","author":"Tsigos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib40","series-title":"Human Psychoneuroimmunology","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(93)90108-F","article-title":"A comparison of the properties and enzymatic activities of three angiotensin processing enzymes: angiotensin converting enzyme, prolyl endopeptidase and neutral endopeptidase 24.11","volume":"52","author":"Welches","year":"1993","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/417292a","article-title":"A common mechanism of action for three mood-stabilizing drugs","volume":"417","author":"Williams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp011542","article-title":"Postpartum depression","volume":"347","author":"Wisner","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02511031","article-title":"Investigations of the ongoing stressful situations among those with chronic illness","volume":"24","author":"Zautra","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Community Psychol."}],"container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453006002022?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453006002022?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T16:27:59Z","timestamp":1759681679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306453006002022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306453006002022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Immune, health and endocrine characteristics of depressed postpartum mothers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.11.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}