{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:27:57Z","timestamp":1790519277813,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5K23MH097794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K23MH097794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014605","name":"Sage Therapeutics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR000161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U01MH062624"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01MH062624"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1S10RR027107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10RR027107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]],"date-time":"2016-05-09T13:30:29Z","timestamp":1462800629000},"page":"98-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Peripartum neuroactive steroid and \u03b3-aminobutyric acid profiles in women at-risk for postpartum depression"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7439-2236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina M.","family":"Deligiannidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimee R.","family":"Kroll-Desrosiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunyan","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hien P.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby","family":"Svenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Jaitly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet E.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce A.","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Rothschild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.06.002","article-title":"Changes in cerebrospinal fluid neurochemistry during pregnancy","volume":"56","author":"Altemus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0010","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-7534","article-title":"Steroid assays and endocrinology: best practices for basic scientists","volume":"155","author":"Auchus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0020","first-page":"166","article-title":"Time-dependent changes in rat brain neuroactive steroid concentrations and GABAA receptor function after acute stress","volume":"63","author":"Barbaccia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701046","article-title":"The effects of inhibitors of GABAergic transmission and stress on brain and plasma allopregnanolone concentrations","volume":"120","author":"Barbaccia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(98)00042-4","article-title":"Stress and neurosteroids in adult and aged rats","volume":"33","author":"Barbaccia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.141.5.483","article-title":"Plasma and CSF GABA in affective illness","volume":"141","author":"Berrettini","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.6.924","article-title":"Effects of gonadal steroids in women with a history of postpartum depression","volume":"157","author":"Bloch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1388","article-title":"Cortisol response to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone in a model of pregnancy and parturition in euthymic women with and without a history of postpartum depression","volume":"90","author":"Bloch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90824-2","article-title":"The relationship between GABA concentrations in brain and cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"167","author":"Bohlen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(98)00044-4","article-title":"Pregnancy, the postpartum, and steroid hormones: effects on cognition and mood","volume":"24","author":"Buckwalter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-012-0323-x","article-title":"Examination of premenstrual symptoms as a risk factor for depression in postpartum women","volume":"16","author":"Buttner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782","article-title":"Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal depression scale","volume":"150","author":"Cox","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3572-8","article-title":"Neurosteroid, GABAergic and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis regulation: what is the current state of knowledge in humans?","volume":"231","author":"Crowley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-126","article-title":"Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC","volume":"11","author":"Cuthbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.02.010","article-title":"GABAergic neuroactive steroids and resting-state functional connectivity in postpartum depression: a preliminary study","volume":"47","author":"Deligiannidis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.9.851","article-title":"Cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid levels across the menstrual cycle in healthy women and those with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"59","author":"Epperson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0313-7","article-title":"Preliminary evidence of reduced occipital GABA concentrations in puerperal women: a 1H-MRS study","volume":"186","author":"Epperson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.07.007","article-title":"Neuroactive steroids as modulators of depression and anxiety","volume":"138","author":"Eser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(78)90456-3","article-title":"Measurement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in blood","volume":"22","author":"Ferkany","year":"1978","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1979.tb11702.x","article-title":"Effect of drugs on rat brain, cerebrospinal fluid and blood GABA content","volume":"33","author":"Ferkany","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0115","series-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders\u2014Patient Edition","author":"First","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1998.00300.x","article-title":"Molecular and functional adaptation of the GABA(A) receptor complex during pregnancy and after delivery in the rat brain","volume":"10","author":"Follesa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.9.1549","article-title":"Familiality of postpartum depression in unipolar disorder: results of a family study","volume":"163","author":"Forty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000183597.31630.db","article-title":"Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence","volume":"106","author":"Gavin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590500361747","article-title":"3alpha-reduced neuroactive steroids and their precursors during pregnancy and the postpartum period","volume":"21","author":"Gilbert Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.08.004","article-title":"A history of depression in women is associated with an altered GABAergic neuroactive steroid profile","volume":"37","author":"Girdler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.5.718","article-title":"Low plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid levels during the late luteal phase of women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder","volume":"153","author":"Halbreich","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","article-title":"The assessment of anxiety states by rating","volume":"32","author":"Hamilton","year":"1959","journal-title":"Br. J. Med. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)10069-2","article-title":"Neurocircuitry of stress: central control of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis","volume":"20","author":"Herman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(00)00192-8","article-title":"Neuroactive steroids, their precursors, and polar conjugates during parturition and postpartum in maternal and umbilical blood: 1. Identification and simultaneous determination of pregnanolone isomers","volume":"75","author":"Hill","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(02)00188-7","article-title":"Neuroactive steroids: their precursors and polar conjugates during parturition and postpartum in maternal and umbilical blood: 3. 3 Beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroids","volume":"82","author":"Hill","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.10.010","article-title":"Circulating levels of pregnanolone isomers during the third trimester of human pregnancy","volume":"105","author":"Hill","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1982.tb05350.x","article-title":"Transport of GABA at the blood-CSF interface","volume":"38","author":"Loscher","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1981.tb04143.x","article-title":"GABA in cerebrospinal fluid of children with febrile convulsions","volume":"22","author":"Loscher","year":"1981","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1979.tb11104.x","article-title":"GABA in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of different species. Effects of gamma-acetylenic GABA, gamma-vinyl GABA and sodium valproate","volume":"32","author":"Loscher","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08646","article-title":"The mental health characteristics of pregnant women with depressive symptoms identified by the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale","volume":"75","author":"Lydsdottir","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06512.x","article-title":"GABA synthesis in Schwann cells is induced by the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone","volume":"112","author":"Magnaghi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.06.019","article-title":"GABA(A)R plasticity during pregnancy: relevance to postpartum depression","volume":"59","author":"Maguire","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.06.019","article-title":"Steroid hormone fluctuations and GABA(A)R plasticity","volume":"34","author":"Maguire","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2422758","article-title":"Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor","volume":"232","author":"Majewska","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0215","first-page":"178","article-title":"Effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABA antagonist drugs on ACTH release","volume":"16","author":"Makara","year":"1974","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.246","article-title":"5alpha-Reductase inhibition prevents the luteal phase increase in plasma allopregnanolone levels and mitigates symptoms in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder","volume":"41","author":"Martinez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12759","article-title":"Predictive accuracy of Edinburgh postnatal depression scale assessment during pregnancy for the risk of developing postpartum depressive symptoms: a prospective cohort study","volume":"121","author":"Meijer","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG: Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-013-0372-9","article-title":"The EPDS-Lifetime: assessment of lifetime prevalence and risk factors for perinatal depression in a large cohort of depressed women","volume":"16","author":"Meltzer-Brody","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.014","article-title":"Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study","volume":"108","author":"Milgrom","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.06.013","article-title":"Plasticity and function of extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors during pregnancy and after delivery","volume":"34","author":"Mostallino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0245","first-page":"77","article-title":"Serum allopregnanolone in women with postpartum blues","volume":"97","author":"Nappi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0444","article-title":"Neuroactive pregnanolone isomers during pregnancy","volume":"90","author":"Parizek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.6.1347506","article-title":"Neuroactive steroids","volume":"6","author":"Paul","year":"1992","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0260","first-page":"5981","article-title":"Neuroactive ring A-reduced metabolites of progesterone in human plasma during pregnancy: elevated levels of 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone in depressed patients during the latter half of pregnancy","volume":"86","author":"Pearson Murphy","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(87)90204-6","article-title":"Is plasma GABA of peripheral origin?","volume":"22","author":"Petty","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/40.2.296","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and mood disorders: a blood test for manic depressive disease?","volume":"40","author":"Petty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00010","article-title":"No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons","volume":"1","author":"Rothman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.11.1043","article-title":"Reduced cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in depressed patients determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"56","author":"Sanacora","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852914000480","article-title":"The role of reproductive hormones in postpartum depression","volume":"20","author":"Schiller","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.10.931","article-title":"Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid gamma-aminobutyric acid in neurological disorders","volume":"45","author":"Schmidt","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1033","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a structured interview guide for the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (SIGH-A)","volume":"13","author":"Shear","year":"2001","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0300","series-title":"The Anxiety Disease","author":"Sheehan","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.74","article-title":"Plasma oxytocin concentration during pregnancy is associated with development of postpartum depression","volume":"36","author":"Skrundz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1038\/31948","article-title":"GABA(A) receptor alpha4 subunit suppression prevents withdrawal properties of an endogenous steroid","volume":"392","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(93)90281-W","article-title":"Alterations in regional brain GABA concentration and turnover during pregnancy","volume":"44","author":"Smolen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0320","series-title":"State Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"Spielberger","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-005-0074-z","article-title":"A new Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale: links with early maternal mood","volume":"8","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Womens Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1986.tb03511.x","article-title":"Free and conjugated CSF and plasma GABA in Huntington\u2019s chorea","volume":"74","author":"Uhlhaas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800320058007","article-title":"A structured interview guide for the hamilton depression rating scale","volume":"45","author":"Williams","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0202","article-title":"Prevention of recurrent postpartum depression: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"62","author":"Wisner","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.10.023","article-title":"Glutamate, GABA, and glutamine are synchronously upregulated in the mouse lateral septum during the postpartum period","volume":"1591","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453016301391?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453016301391?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T22:03:14Z","timestamp":1778536994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306453016301391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S0306453016301391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Peripartum neuroactive steroid and \u03b3-aminobutyric acid profiles in women at-risk for postpartum depression","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.05.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}