{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T19:52:26Z","timestamp":1759693946405,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan","award":["CMRPG8C1051","CMRPG8C1291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8C1051","CMRPG8C1291"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,26]],"date-time":"2017-06-26T20:31:31Z","timestamp":1498509091000},"page":"87-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gender differences in susceptibility to schizophrenia: Potential implication of neurosteroids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Yu-Chi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Fa","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pao-Yen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Ching","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Ting","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Chih","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mian-Yoon","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Hsin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang-Jen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"year":"2000","author":"American Psychiatric Association","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.11.1924","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone prevents oxidative injury induced by transient ischemia\/reperfusion in the brain of diabetic rats","volume":"49","author":"Aragno","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2005.01.002","article-title":"Adrenal corticosteroid biosynthesis, metabolism, and action","volume":"34","author":"Arlt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2015.018","article-title":"Association between serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels and response to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia","volume":"3","author":"Babinkostova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.8.4089","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) as neuroactive neurosteroids","volume":"95","author":"Baulieu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.9.8784058","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): a fountain of youth","volume":"81","author":"Baulieu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0035","first-page":"79","article-title":"Incipient neurovulnerability and neuroprotection in early psychosis","volume":"37","author":"Berger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0040","first-page":"687","article-title":"Increased serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the first episode but not in subsequent episodes in male patients with schizophrenia","volume":"10","author":"Beyazyuz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0045","first-page":"141","article-title":"Neuro- and immunomodulatory steroids and other biochemical markers in drug-naive schizophrenia patients and the effect of treatment with atypical antipsychotics","volume":"32","author":"Bicikova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0050","first-page":"2832","article-title":"A prospective longitudinal study of serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and sex hormone-binding globulin levels through the menopause transition","volume":"85","author":"Burger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.4","article-title":"Pregnenolone blocks cannabinoid-induced acute psychotic-like states in mice","author":"Busquets-Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1366.003","article-title":"Neurosteroids as endogenous inhibitors of neuronal cell apoptosis in aging","volume":"1088","author":"Charalampopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2004.01364.x","article-title":"Quality of life and related risk factors in a Taiwanese Village population 21 months after an earthquake","volume":"38","author":"Chou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4678","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.8.4678","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone: a potential signalling molecule for neocortical organization during development","volume":"95","author":"Compagnone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2004.08.005","article-title":"Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone levels are strongly increased in schizophrenia","volume":"39","author":"di Michele","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.06.005","article-title":"The relationship between sex hormone profiles and symptoms of schizophrenia in men","volume":"69","author":"Dogan Bulut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.11.020","article-title":"Plasma cortisol-dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) ratios in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"90","author":"Gallagher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0090","first-page":"3951","article-title":"Cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and DHEA sulfate in the cerebrospinal fluid of man: relation to blood levels and the effects of age","volume":"81","author":"Guazzo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033317","article-title":"Causes and consequences of the gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia","volume":"24","author":"Hafner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050069","article-title":"The ABC Schizophrenia Study: a preliminary overview of the results","volume":"33","author":"Hafner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702005238","article-title":"Low pregnenolone sulphate plasma concentrations in patients with generalized social phobia","volume":"32","author":"Heydari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(88)90038-8","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenics","volume":"23","author":"Kay","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.4.1852","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-sulfate (DHEAS) protect hippocampal neurons against excitatory amino acid-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"95","author":"Kimonides","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10613","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-24-10613.2002","article-title":"An essential component in steroid synthesis, the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, is expressed in discrete regions of the brain","volume":"22","author":"King","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.54.2.249","article-title":"Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among bereaved survivors of a disastrous earthquake in taiwan","volume":"54","author":"Kuo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.143222","article-title":"Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone with pediatric and adult reference intervals","volume":"56","author":"Kushnir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"issue":"Suppl. 401","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0065-1591.2000.0ap25.x","article-title":"Sex differences in schizophrenia, a review of the literature","author":"Leung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-006-9086-0","article-title":"The relevance of neuroactive steroids in schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety disorders","volume":"27","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-011-9184-2","article-title":"Sex steroids and schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Markham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.07.032","article-title":"Olanzapine and fluoxetine administration and coadministration increase rat hippocampal pregnenolone, allopregnanolone and peripheral deoxycorticosterone: implications for therapeutic actions","volume":"84","author":"Marx","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.03.009","article-title":"Disorders in the initial steps of steroid hormone synthesis","volume":"165","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.02.007","article-title":"Serum testosterone levels are related to cognitive function in men with schizophrenia","volume":"38","author":"Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03567-9","article-title":"Effects of a neurosteroid, pregnenolone, during the neonatal period on adenosine A1 receptor, dopamine metabolites in the fronto-parietal cortex and behavioral response in the open field","volume":"956","author":"Muneoka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(98)90181-0","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations in men and women","volume":"131","author":"Nafziger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(02)00077-9","article-title":"Clozapine decreases rat brain dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels","volume":"13","author":"Nechmad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-59-3-551","article-title":"Age changes and sex differences in serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations throughout adulthood","volume":"59","author":"Orentreich","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00328-1","article-title":"Psychopathological dimensions of depression: a factor study of the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale in unipolar depressed outpatients","volume":"68","author":"Pancheri","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2017.03.011","article-title":"Association among serum cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels and psychiatric symptoms in men with chronic schizophrenia","volume":"76","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.12.001","article-title":"Modulation of neurotransmitter systems by dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate: mechanism of action and relevance to psychiatric disorders","volume":"32","author":"Perez-Neri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3108689","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3108689","article-title":"Comparison of plasma neurosteroid and prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals","volume":"2016","author":"Riahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300747","article-title":"Cortisol\/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio and responses to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"Ritsner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2005.07.007","article-title":"Alterations in DHEA metabolism in schizophrenia: two-month case-control study","volume":"16","author":"Ritsner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.10.001","article-title":"Differences in blood pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone levels between schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects","volume":"17","author":"Ritsner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05031yel","article-title":"Pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled, 2-center, parallel-group trial","volume":"71","author":"Ritsner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2009.00118.x","article-title":"Pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and schizophrenia: alterations and clinical trials","volume":"16","author":"Ritsner","year":"2010","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.04.017","article-title":"The clinical and therapeutic potentials of dehydroepiandrosterone and pregnenolone in schizophrenia","volume":"191","author":"Ritsner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.03.025","article-title":"Neuroactive steroids in affective disorders: target for novel antidepressant or anxiolytic drugs?","volume":"191","author":"Schule","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.13.3.396","article-title":"Neuroactive steroid levels in patients with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"13","author":"Semeniuk","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Suppl. 20","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0250","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(01)00367-X","article-title":"Correlation of plasma neurosteroid levels to the severity of negative symptoms in male patients with schizophrenia","volume":"58","author":"Shirayama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.03.005","article-title":"Increased circulatory dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate in first-episode schizophrenia: relationship to gender, aggression and symptomatology","volume":"71","author":"Strous","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1510001","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone, obesity and cardiovascular disease risk: a review of human studies","volume":"151","author":"Tchernof","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2012.04.006","article-title":"Gender, sex steroid hormones, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"63","author":"Vest","year":"2013","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1257-1","article-title":"Neurosteroids in depression: a review","volume":"165","author":"van Broekhoven","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"unstructured":"WHO, 2012. <http:\/\/www.whocc.no\/atc_ddd_index\/\/>.","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0280"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0116820","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116820","article-title":"The global burden of mental, neurological and substance use disorders: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"10","author":"Whiteford","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb10613.x","article-title":"A prospective 1\u20135year outcome study in first-admitted and readmitted schizophrenic patients; relationship to heredity, premorbid adjustment, duration of disease and education level at index admission and neuroleptic treatment","volume":"93","author":"Wieselgren","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00021-1","article-title":"Actions of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate in the central nervous system: effects on cognition and emotion in animals and humans","volume":"30","author":"Wolf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3109\/15622970109026799","article-title":"Stress hormone-related psychopathology: pathophysiological and treatment implications","volume":"2","author":"Wolkowitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1159\/000098367","article-title":"Increased levels of nitric oxide, cortisol and adrenomedullin in patients with chronic schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract.: Int. J. Kuwait Univ. Health Sci. Centre"}],"container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453017304134?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453017304134?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T16:57:38Z","timestamp":1759683458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306453017304134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0306453017304134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4530"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0306-4530"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gender differences in susceptibility to schizophrenia: Potential implication of neurosteroids","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}