{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:04:56Z","timestamp":1789178696246,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]],"date-time":"2017-12-14T03:16:01Z","timestamp":1513221361000},"page":"250-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prenatal testosterone and theory of mind development: Findings from disorders of sex development"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Behzad S.","family":"Khorashad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behnaz","family":"Khazai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghasem M.","family":"Roshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehran","family":"Hiradfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mozhgan","family":"Afkhamizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim C.","family":"van de Grift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902760807258","article-title":"Impaired recognition of social emotions following amygdala damage","volume":"14","author":"Adolphs","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0010","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0015","series-title":"Hormones, Brain and Behavior","first-page":"33","article-title":"5.02\u2014Sex differences in the age of genetics A2\u2014Pfaff, donald W","author":"Arnold","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1348\/000712608X311731","article-title":"Fetal testosterone and autistic traits","volume":"100","author":"Auyeung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023035012436","article-title":"Recognition of faux pas by normally developing children and children with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism","volume":"29","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00715","article-title":"The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism","volume":"42","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001081","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001081","article-title":"Why are autism spectrum conditions more prevalent in males?","volume":"9","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.48","article-title":"Elevated fetal steroidogenic activity in autism","volume":"20","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16101188","article-title":"The eyes as window to the mind","volume":"174","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.03.006","article-title":"Testosterone reduces functional connectivity during the \u2018Reading the Mind in the Eyes\u2019 test","volume":"68","author":"Bos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2014.1002124","article-title":"Gender role, gender identity and sexual orientation in CAIS (XY-Women) compared with subfertile and infertile 46,XX women","volume":"53","author":"Brunner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sex Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.08.023","article-title":"Digit ratio (2D:4D) and psychopathic traits moderate the effect of exogenous testosterone on socio-cognitive processes in men","volume":"62","author":"Carre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00012","article-title":"On the effects of testosterone on brain behavioral functions","volume":"9","author":"Celec","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.80","article-title":"Genes related to sex steroids, neural growth, and social-emotional behavior are associated with autistic traits empathy, and Asperger syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/17470910600992239","article-title":"Fetal testosterone and empathy: evidence from the empathy quotient (EQ) and the reading the mind in the eyes test","volume":"1","author":"Chapman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0080","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0085","article-title":"The standards of care of the world professional association for transgender health, 7th version","volume":"13","author":"Coleman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Transgenderism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0090","first-page":"113","article-title":"Empathy without borders? Cross-cultural heart and mind-reading in first-year medical students","volume":"23","author":"Dehning","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ethiop. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12017","article-title":"Silent films and strange stories: theory of mind, gender, and social experiences in middle childhood","volume":"84","author":"Devine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7567-5","article-title":"Theory of mind, empathy and neuropsychological functioning in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: a controlled study of 20 patients","volume":"262","author":"Di Rosa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X0999152X","article-title":"The weirdest people in the world?","volume":"33","author":"Henrich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2014.02.010","article-title":"Theory of mind impairments in social anxiety disorder","volume":"45","author":"Hezel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0115","series-title":"Hormones, Brain and Behavior","first-page":"1869","article-title":"59\u2014Gonadal hormones and sexual differentiation of human brain and behavior A2\u2014Pfaff, Donald W","author":"Hines","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-016-0841-0","article-title":"Gender issues and related social stigma affecting patients with a disorder of sex development in India","volume":"46","author":"Joseph","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2427-4","article-title":"The reading the mind in the eyes test: investigation of psychometric properties and test-retest reliability of the Persian version","volume":"45","author":"Khorashad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.09.011","article-title":"Psychosexual outcome among iranian individuals with 5alpha-reductase deficiency type 2 and its relationship with parental sexism","volume":"13","author":"Khorashad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0135","article-title":"Meta-analysis reveals adult female superiority in reading the mind in the eyes test","volume":"15","author":"Kirkland","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Am. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.06.064","article-title":"Indirect task instructions better reveal theory-of-mind impairment, independent of executive dysfunction, in schizophrenia","volume":"256","author":"Langdon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.05.027","article-title":"Fetal programming effects of testosterone on the reward system and behavioral approach tendencies in humans","volume":"72","author":"Lombardo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015665521371","article-title":"Do socially anxious children show deficits in classifying facial expressions of emotions?","volume":"26","author":"Melfsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nonverbal Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01035","article-title":"Social cognition in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. associations with executive functions","volume":"8","author":"Miranda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150071","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0071","article-title":"Why developmental psychology is incomplete without comparative and cross-cultural perspectives","volume":"371","author":"Nielsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. Trans R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113708","article-title":"New perspectives on genomic imprinting, an essential and multifaceted mode of epigenetic control in the developing and adult brain","volume":"39","author":"Perez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2013.823859","article-title":"The Reading the Mind in the Eyes test: validation of a French version and exploration of cultural variations in a multi-ethnic city","volume":"19","author":"Prevost","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cognit. Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550612442395","article-title":"Testosterone\u2019s negative relationship with empathic accuracy and perceived leadership ability","volume":"4","author":"Ronay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Personal. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028938","article-title":"Sex differences moderate the relationship between adolescent language and mentalization","volume":"3","author":"Rutherford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Personal. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60278","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060278","article-title":"Why don't men understand women? Altered neural networks for reading the language of male and female eyes","volume":"8","author":"Schiffer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1162\/089892998562942","article-title":"Frontal lobe contributions to theory of mind","volume":"10","author":"Stone","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.06.016","article-title":"Affective and cognitive theory of mind abilities in youth with borderline personality disorder or major depressive disorder","volume":"255","author":"Tay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3448","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011891108","article-title":"Testosterone administration impairs cognitive empathy in women depending on second-to-fourth digit ratio","volume":"108","author":"van Honk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.04.042","article-title":"Gonadal hormone regulation of the emotion circuitry in humans","volume":"191","author":"van Wingen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-008-9084-2","article-title":"Disorders of sex development (DSDs), their presentation and management in different cultures","volume":"9","author":"Warne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Endocrine Metab. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0215","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analysis of cognitive empathy: heritability, and correlates with sex, neuropsychiatric conditions and cognition","author":"Warrier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12085","article-title":"A teacher-centered exploration of the relevance of social factors to theory of mind development","volume":"55","author":"Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453017312660?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453017312660?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T17:00:30Z","timestamp":1759683630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306453017312660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0306453017312660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prenatal testosterone and theory of mind development: Findings from disorders of sex development","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}