{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:24:50Z","timestamp":1789428290875,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1147498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1147498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1098887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1098887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1042492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1042492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004752","name":"State Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001026","name":"National Breast Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PF-15-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PF-15-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,16]],"date-time":"2018-09-16T00:29:42Z","timestamp":1537057782000},"page":"191-195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Circulating epinephrine is not required for chronic stress to enhance metastasis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Adam K.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Martelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra I.","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin W.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin M.","family":"McAllen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2355-1433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica K.","family":"Sloan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-1701","article-title":"Sustained adrenergic signaling promotes intratumoral innervation through BDNF induction","volume":"78","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00754.x","article-title":"The selectivity of beta-adrenoceptor agonists at human beta1-, beta2- and beta3-adrenoceptors","volume":"160","author":"Baker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05283-5","article-title":"Modulation of anti-tumor immunity by the brain\u2019s reward system","volume":"9","author":"Ben-Shaanan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.02.005","article-title":"Nerve dependence: from regeneration to cancer","volume":"31","author":"Boilly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-013-2654-3","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of beta-blockers in triple-negative breast cancer postmenopausal women","volume":"140","author":"Botteri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5639","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-0546","article-title":"\u03b2-Adrenergic signaling in mice housed at standard temperatures suppresses an effector phenotype in CD8+ T cells and undermines checkpoint inhibitor therapy","volume":"77","author":"Bucsek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.06.011","article-title":"\u03b22-Adrenoceptors on tumor cells play a critical role in stress-enhanced metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer","volume":"57","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-014-1658-7","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effects of beta blocker on survival time in cancer patients","volume":"140","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5681","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911515107","article-title":"Computational identification of gene-social environment interaction at the human IL6 locus","volume":"107","author":"Cole","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-015-0655-3","article-title":"\u03b22-Adrenoceptor signaling regulates invadopodia formation to enhance tumor cell invasion","volume":"17","author":"Creed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2007.01807.x","article-title":"A physiological view of the central and peripheral mechanisms that regulate the release of catecholamines at the adrenal medulla","volume":"192","author":"De Diego","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. (Oxf.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.09.001","article-title":"Effect of beta-blockers and other antihypertensive drugs on the risk of melanoma recurrence and death","volume":"88","author":"De Giorgi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e172908","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.2908","article-title":"Propranolol for off-label treatment of patients with melanoma: results from a cohort study","volume":"4","author":"De Giorgi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1782","article-title":"Paradoxical roles of the immune system during cancer development","volume":"6","author":"De Visser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00291-P","article-title":"Distribution and origin of peptide-containing nerve fibres in the rat and human mammary gland","volume":"70","author":"Eriksson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.11.1.3","article-title":"Assessment of human sympathetic nervous system activity from measurements of norepinephrine turnover","volume":"11","author":"Esler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1990.70.4.963","article-title":"Overflow of catecholamine neurotransmitters to the circulation: source, fate, and functions","volume":"70","author":"Esler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4376","article-title":"Visceral motor neuron diversity delineates a cellular basis for nipple- and pilo-erection muscle control","volume":"19","author":"Furlan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.01.026","article-title":"Neural regulation of hematopoiesis, inflammation and cancer","volume":"86","author":"Hanoun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.194","article-title":"Perioperative events influence cancer recurrence risk after surgery","volume":"15","author":"Hiller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.224","article-title":"Exploiting the critical perioperative period to improve long-term cancer outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Horowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4563","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.194803","article-title":"Cancer cells become less deformable and more invasive with activation of \u03b2-adrenergic signaling","volume":"129","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.02.019","article-title":"Chronic stress accelerates pancreatic cancer growth and invasion: a critical role for beta-adrenergic signaling in the pancreatic microenvironment","volume":"40","author":"Kim-Fuchs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1405205","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1405205","article-title":"Beta blocker use correlates with better overall survival in metastatic melanoma patients and improves the efficacy of immunotherapies in mice","volume":"7","author":"Kokolus","year":"2018","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.3.962","article-title":"Influence of voluntary exercise on hypothalamic norepinephrine","volume":"85","author":"Lambert","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(91)90593-Z","article-title":"Direct determination of homovanillic acid release from the human brain, an indicator of central dopaminergic activity","volume":"49","author":"Lambert","year":"1991","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.01.013","article-title":"Chronic stress enhances progression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia via beta-adrenergic signaling","volume":"26","author":"Lamkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.07.162","article-title":"\u03b2-Adrenergic-stimulated macrophages: comprehensive localization in the M1-M2 spectrum","volume":"57","author":"Lamkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10634","article-title":"Chronic stress in mice remodels lymph vasculature to promote tumour cell dissemination","volume":"7","author":"Le","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.10.012","article-title":"Social isolation is associated with elevated tumor norepinephrine in ovarian carcinoma patients","volume":"25","author":"Lutgendorf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1085","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00259.2014","article-title":"Reflex control of inflammation by the splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway is sustained and independent of anesthesia","volume":"307","author":"Martelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.268573","article-title":"Reflex control of inflammation by sympathetic nerves, not the vagus","volume":"592","author":"Martelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085559","article-title":"The splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway: could it be the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex?","volume":"101","author":"Martelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0030-x","article-title":"Adrenergic nerve degeneration in bone marrow drives aging of the hematopoietic stem cell niche","volume":"24","author":"Maryanovich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.33.4441","article-title":"Beta-blocker use is associated with improved relapse-free survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"29","author":"Melhem-Bertrandt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-17-0401","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic signaling impairs antitumor CD8(+) T-cell responses to B-cell lymphoma immunotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Nissen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-277798","article-title":"The beta2-adrenoceptor activates a positive cAMP-calcium feedforward loop to drive breast cancer cell invasion","volume":"30","author":"Pon","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.197","article-title":"Beta-blocker drug therapy reduces secondary cancer formation in breast cancer and improves cancer specific survival","volume":"1","author":"Powe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4651","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0152","article-title":"Perioperative COX-2 and \u03b2-adrenergic blockade improves metastatic biomarkers in breast cancer patients in a phase-II randomized trial","volume":"23","author":"Shaashua","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7042","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-0522","article-title":"The sympathetic nervous system induces a metastatic switch in primary breast cancer","volume":"70","author":"Sloan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI40802","article-title":"Adrenergic modulation of focal adhesion kinase protects human ovarian cancer cells from anoikis","volume":"120","author":"Sood","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.9190","article-title":"Use of beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and risk of breast cancer recurrence: a Danish nationwide prospective cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Sorensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.12.014","article-title":"Sympathetic innervation, norepinephrine content, and norepinephrine turnover in orthotopic and spontaneous models of breast cancer","volume":"53","author":"Szpunar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1447","article-title":"Chronic stress promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis in a mouse model of ovarian carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Thaker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1290\/1071-2690(2002)038<0079:CPAFDO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Comparative PCR analysis for detection of mycoplasma infections in continuous cell lines","volume":"38","author":"Uphoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2003.08.010","article-title":"Systematic study of long-term stability of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol in plasma for subsequent determination with liquid chromatography","volume":"802","author":"Venneri","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3444","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29392","article-title":"Clinical impact of selective and nonselective beta-blockers on survival in patients with ovarian cancer","volume":"121","author":"Watkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"}],"container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453018306802?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453018306802?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T07:57:19Z","timestamp":1778745439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306453018306802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0306453018306802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Circulating epinephrine is not required for chronic stress to enhance metastasis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}