{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T11:58:48Z","timestamp":1778587128233,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T11:49:40Z","timestamp":1545220180000},"page":"187-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The duration of the cortisol awakening pulse exceeds sixty minutes in a meaningful pattern"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Annika","family":"Benz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Mankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Unternaehrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8582-2980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens C.","family":"Pruessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0005","series-title":"BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.08.014","article-title":"Circadian regulation of cortisol after hippocampal damage in humans","volume":"56","author":"Buchanan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S62289","article-title":"The cortisol awakening response and major depression: examining the evidence","volume":"11","author":"Dedovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(92)90294-S","article-title":"Synthesis of a cortisol biotin conjugate and evaluation as a tracer in an immunoassay for salivary cortisol measurement","volume":"43","author":"Dressend\u00f6rfer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.02.018","article-title":"Investigation into the cross-correlation of salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase responses to psychological stress","volume":"36","author":"Engert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810010063009","article-title":"Central and peripheral acth and cortisol-levels in Anorexia-Nervosa and bulimia","volume":"46","author":"Gwirtsman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1159\/000118611","article-title":"Salivary cortisol in psychobiological research - an overview","volume":"22","author":"Kirschbaum","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.02.003","article-title":"Stress revisited: a critical evaluation of the stress concept","volume":"35","author":"Koolhaas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000058374.50240.BF","article-title":"Compliance with saliva sampling protocols: electronic monitoring reveals invalid cortisol daytime profiles in noncompliant subjects","volume":"65","author":"Kudielka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.10.004","article-title":"Why do we respond so differently? Reviewing determinants of human salivary cortisol responses to challenge","volume":"34","author":"Kudielka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-006-2098-7","article-title":"[Reliability and validity of the revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Results from German samples]","volume":"78","author":"K\u00fchner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4415","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2105","article-title":"A nonlinear relationship of generalized and central obesity with diurnal cortisol secretion in the whitehall II study","volume":"95","author":"Kumari","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.08.007","article-title":"Cortisol and ACTH responses to psychosocial stress are modulated by corticosteroid binding globulin levels","volume":"32","author":"Kumsta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1984.tb04831.x","article-title":"Normal variation in the length of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle: identification of the short luteal phase","volume":"91","author":"Lenton","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. J. Obstretrics Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0075","first-page":"710","article-title":"The crucial role of pulsatile activity of the HPA axis for continuous dynamic equilibration","volume":"11","author":"Lightman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Publishing Group"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0080","first-page":"136","article-title":"Maternal and fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes during pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"997","author":"Mastorakos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health Dis.: Gynecol. Reprod. Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-012-9233-6","article-title":"Anxiety as predictor of the cortisol awakening response in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"20","author":"Merswolken","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0090","first-page":"25","article-title":"If it goes up, must it come down? Chronic stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in humans","volume":"133","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fam. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.09.009","article-title":"Diurnal patterns of salivary cortisol across the adolescent period in healthy females","volume":"34","author":"Oskis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)01008-4","article-title":"Free cortisol levels after awakening: a reliable biological marker for the assessment of adrenocortical activity","volume":"61","author":"Pruessner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00108-7","article-title":"Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change","volume":"28","author":"Pruessner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.06.002","article-title":"Blunted cortisol awakening response in men with first episode psychosis: relationship to parental bonding","volume":"38","author":"Pruessner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-68-4-721","article-title":"Differences between circadian and ultradian organization of cortisol and melatonin rhythms during activity and rest","volume":"68","author":"Rivest","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"S3","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800876","article-title":"Exercise and the regulation of energy intake","volume":"23","author":"Scheurink","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.10.010","article-title":"Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: expert consensus guidelines","volume":"63","author":"Stalder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.10.015","article-title":"Impact of early adversity on glucocorticoid regulation and later mental disorders","volume":"38","author":"Str\u00fcber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.19.2.176","article-title":"Robust dimensions of anxiety sensitivity: development and initial validation of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3","volume":"19","author":"Taylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0140","article-title":"Labor & diagnose: indikation und Bewertung Von Laborbefunden in der medizinischen diagnostik","author":"Thomas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Medizinische Verlags Gesellschaft, Marburg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.10.016","article-title":"The use of saliva for assessment of cortisol pulsatile secretion by deconvolution analysis","volume":"38","author":"Trifonova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.12.006","article-title":"The cortisol awakening response (CAR) across the female menstrual cycle","volume":"36","author":"Wolfram","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0155","first-page":"79","article-title":"The cortisol awakening response \u2013 normal values and confounds","volume":"2","author":"Wuest","year":"2000","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2004.07.001","article-title":"Cortisol pulsatility and its role in stress regulation and health","volume":"25","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrin"}],"container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453018307297?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453018307297?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T17:04:01Z","timestamp":1759683841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306453018307297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0306453018307297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The duration of the cortisol awakening pulse exceeds sixty minutes in a meaningful pattern","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.225","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}