{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:51:22Z","timestamp":1790085082040,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007659","name":"Universiteit van Tilburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T16:58:51Z","timestamp":1561136331000},"page":"102-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Oxytocin reduces interpersonal distance: Examining moderating effects of childrearing experiences and interpersonal context in virtual reality"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Madelon M.E.","family":"Riem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Kunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco D.F.","family":"Steenbakkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Kir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Sluijtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemiek","family":"Karreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marrie H.J.","family":"Bekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2010.3.1.3","article-title":"Disgust and anger in social anxiety","volume":"3","author":"Amir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e258","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.34","article-title":"Sniffing around oxytocin: review and meta-analyses of trials in healthy and clinical groups with implications for pharmacotherapy","volume":"3","author":"Bakermans-Kranenburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0015","series-title":"Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2017_23","article-title":"Oxytocin and human sensitive and protective parenting","author":"Bakermans-Kranenburg","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x","article-title":"Another advanced test of theory of mind: evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or Asperger syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0025","first-page":"301","article-title":"Social effects of oxytocin in humans: context and person matter","volume":"15","author":"Bartz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci. (Regul. Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0030","series-title":"Behandelprotocol Voor Autonomie-versterkende Interventie [Treatment Protocol for Autonomy Enhancing Interventions]","article-title":"Behandelprotocol Voor Autonomie-versterkende Interventie [Treatment Protocol for Autonomy Enhancing Interventions]","author":"Bekker","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558403018004003","article-title":"Psychological separation and adjustment to university: moderating effects of gender, age, and perceived parenting style","volume":"18","author":"Beyers","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0040","series-title":"Attachment and loss","author":"Bowlby","year":"1969"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2011.12.003","article-title":"Modulating social behavior with oxytocin: How does it work? What does it mean?","volume":"61","author":"Churchland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hormones Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579403000440","article-title":"False belief understanding in maltreated children","volume":"15","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.10.021","article-title":"The role of oxytocin in modulating interpersonal space: a pharmacological fMRI study","volume":"76","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.02.036","article-title":"The role of oxytocin in implicit personal space regulation: an fMRI study","volume":"91","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2017.1418428","article-title":"Oxytocin regulates social approach AU - Cohen, Daniela","volume":"13","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2019.17.1.1","article-title":"The role of intranasal oxytocin in anxiety and depressive disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"De Cagna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5984","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1189047","article-title":"The neuropeptide oxytocin regulates parochial altruism in intergroup conflict among humans","volume":"328","author":"De Dreu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2011.12.009","article-title":"Oxytocin modulates cooperation within and competition between groups: an integrative review and research agenda","volume":"61","author":"De Dreu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hormones Behav."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167203262024","article-title":"The intergenerational transmission of fear of failure","volume":"30","author":"Elliot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pers. Soc. Psychol. B."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559509345904","article-title":"Prevalence of child maltreatment in the Netherlands","volume":"15","author":"Euser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12305","article-title":"The effects of a course of intranasal oxytocin on social behaviors in youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Guastella","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.01.005","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of intranasal oxytocin as an adjunct to exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder","volume":"34","author":"Guastella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.09.007","article-title":"Why are friends special? Implementing a social interaction simulation task to probe the neural correlates of friendship","volume":"39","author":"G\u00fcro\u011flu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.10.007","article-title":"A general approach-avoidance hypothesis of oxytocin: accounting for social and non-social effects of oxytocin","volume":"47","author":"Harari-Dahan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.04.005","article-title":"Oxytocin attenuates social and non-social avoidance: re-thinking the social specificity of oxytocin","volume":"81","author":"Harari-Dahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12651","article-title":"Research review: neural response to threat in children, adolescents, and adults after child maltreatment \u2013 a quantitative meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Hein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psych."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00465-7","article-title":"Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress","volume":"54","author":"Heinrichs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024189","article-title":"Parent discipline and childs moral development","volume":"5","author":"Hoffman","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2012.11.008","article-title":"The impact of oxytocin administration and maternal love withdrawal on event-related potential (ERP) responses to emotional faces with performance feedback","volume":"63","author":"Huffmeijer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hormones Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-15-68","article-title":"Love withdrawal predicts electrocortical responses to emotional faces with performance feedback: a follow-up and extension","volume":"15","author":"Huffmeijer","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2016.01.004","article-title":"Peripersonal and interpersonal space in virtual and real environments: effects of gender and age","volume":"45","author":"Iachini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.09.022","article-title":"Intranasal oxytocin, social cognition and neurodevelopmental disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Keech","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(84)90726-9","article-title":"The oxytocin secretory response to breast stimulation in women during the menstrual cycle","volume":"148","author":"Leake","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2011.05.005","article-title":"Personality-dependent effects of oxytocin: greater social benefits for high alexithymia scorers","volume":"7","author":"Luminet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00997.x","article-title":"The development of a six\u2010item short\u2010form of the state scale of the Spielberger State\u2014Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)","volume":"31","author":"Marteau","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brit. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.09.006","article-title":"Recognition of facial emotions among maltreated children with high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"32","author":"Masten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.007","article-title":"Sensitivity to intranasal oxytocin in adult men with early parental separation","volume":"61","author":"Meinlschmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiat."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.06.004","article-title":"Oxytocin in general anxiety and social fear: a translational approach","volume":"79","author":"Neumann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiat."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22735","article-title":"An integrated framework for the role of oxytocin in multistage social decision-making","volume":"80","author":"Piva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0190","article-title":"Genetic networks of the oxytocin system in the human brain: a gene expression and large-scale fMRI meta-analysis study","author":"Quintana","year":"2017","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2005.01.006","article-title":"Childhood discipline, perceptions of parents, and current functioning in female college students","volume":"29","author":"Renk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.12.023","article-title":"Does intranasal oxytocin promote prosocial behavior to an excluded fellow player? A randomized-controlled trial with Cyberball","volume":"38","author":"Riem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.01.014","article-title":"Oxytocin effects on mind-reading are moderated by experiences of maternal love withdrawal: an fMRI study","volume":"51","author":"Riem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Progr. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.11.015","article-title":"Hippocampal volume modulates salivary oxytocin level increases after intranasal oxytocin administration","volume":"101","author":"Riem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000288","article-title":"Behavioral and neural responses to infant and adult tears: the impact of maternal love withdrawal","volume":"17","author":"Riem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.01.011","article-title":"Oxytocin effects on complex brain networks are moderated by experiences of maternal love withdrawal","volume":"23","author":"Riem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2004.10.002","article-title":"Menstrual cycle-related changes in plasma oxytocin are relevant to normal sexual function in healthy women","volume":"47","author":"Salonia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16074","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2755-12.2012","article-title":"Oxytocin modulates social distance between males and females","volume":"32","author":"Scheele","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.07.020","article-title":"The social salience hypothesis of oxytocin","volume":"79","author":"Shamay-Tsoory","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiat."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.09.015","article-title":"Giving peace a chance: oxytocin increases empathy to pain in the context of the Israeli\u2013palestinian conflict","volume":"38","author":"Shamay-Tsoory","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.08.025","article-title":"Oxytocin administration and emotion recognition abilities in adults with a history of childhood adversity","volume":"99","author":"Schwaiger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0250","series-title":"Interpersonal Distance Paradigm in Virtual Reality","author":"Steenbakkers","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.07.008","article-title":"A sniff of trust: meta-analysis of the effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on face recognition, trust to in-group, and trust to out-group","volume":"37","author":"Van IJzendoorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2012.00174","article-title":"Elevated salivary levels of oxytocin persist more than 7 h after intranasal administration","volume":"6","author":"Van IJzendoorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.048","article-title":"The many faces of oxytocin: Implications for psychiatry","volume":"226","author":"Zik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"}],"container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453019302173?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453019302173?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T17:05:34Z","timestamp":1759683934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306453019302173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0306453019302173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oxytocin reduces interpersonal distance: Examining moderating effects of childrearing experiences and interpersonal context in virtual reality","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}