{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:02:57Z","timestamp":1791896577158,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Netherlands Brain Foundation","award":["F2011(1)-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F2011(1)-12"]}]},{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research","award":["91716453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91716453"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH 090 553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH 090 553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T02:39:22Z","timestamp":1588041562000},"page":"104658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Higher cortisol levels may proceed a manic episode and are related to disease severity in patients with bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Monique T.","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent L.","family":"Wester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabel","family":"Vreeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manja A.","family":"Koenders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco P.","family":"Boks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth F.C.","family":"van Rossum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne T.","family":"Spijker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.03.002","article-title":"Phosphorylation status of glucocorticoid receptor, heat shock protein 70, cytochroom C and Bax in lymphocytes of euthymic, depressed and manic bipolar patients","volume":"34","author":"Bei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.10.014","article-title":"The HPA axis in bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Belvederi Murri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0015","first-page":"411","article-title":"Circadian secretion of cortisol in bipolar disorder","volume":"26","author":"Cervantes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2005.01.005","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and bipolar disorder","volume":"28","author":"Daban","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370304800706","article-title":"The cortisol awakening response in bipolar illness: a pilot study","volume":"48","author":"Deshauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0030","series-title":"Biometrics Research","article-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorders, research version, non-patient edition. (SCID-I\/NP) New York","author":"First","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0035","first-page":"18","article-title":"Hypothalamus \u2013 Pituitary \u2013 Adrenal axis dysfunction and illness progression in bipolar disorder","volume":"31","author":"Fries","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.03.010","article-title":"Co-occuring manic symptomatology influences HPA axis alterations in depression","volume":"45","author":"Jabben","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.39","article-title":"Neurobiological trait abnormalities in bipolar disorder","volume":"14","author":"Langan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00430-X","article-title":"The Stanley foundation bipolar treatment outcome network. I. Longitudinal methodology","volume":"67","author":"Leverich","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950080028004","article-title":"The 24-hour profiles of cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone secretion in mania","volume":"51","author":"Linkowski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.04.005","article-title":"Evaluation of a method to measure long term cortisol levels","volume":"76","author":"Manenschijn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.02.026","article-title":"Hyper- and hypocortsicolis in bipolar disorder \u2013 a beneficial influence of lithium on the HPA-axis?","volume":"213","author":"Maripuu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12781","article-title":"LC-MS\/MS-based method for long-term steroid profiling in human scalp hair","volume":"83","author":"Noppe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-58","article-title":"Treatment of bipolar disorder in the Netherlands and concordance with treatment guidelines: study protocol of an observational, longitudinal study on naturalistic treatment of bipolar disorder in everyday clinical practice","volume":"14","author":"Renes","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000148","article-title":"Toward standardization of hair cortisol measurement: results of the first international interlaboratory round robin","volume":"37","author":"Russell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther. Drug Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v30i5.2894","article-title":"Measurement of cortisol in human hair as a biomarker of systemic exposure","volume":"30","author":"Sauv\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Invest. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00064-X","article-title":"Combined dexamethasone\/cortisotropin-releasing hormone test in acute and remitted manic patients, in acute depression and in normal controls","volume":"38","author":"Schmider","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0095","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1056","article-title":"Cortisol in hair and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Stadler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.06.011","article-title":"Determinants of hair cortisol and hair cortisone concentrations in adults","volume":"60","author":"Staufenbiel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.03.010","article-title":"Perceived stress and hair cortisol: differences in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia","volume":"69","author":"Streit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00432-3","article-title":"The Stanley foundation bipolar treatment outcome network. II. Demographics and illness characteristics of the first 261 patients","volume":"67","author":"Suppes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890801887388","article-title":"Elevated content of cortisol in hair of patients with severe chronic pain: a novel biomarker for stress","volume":"11","author":"Van Uum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008727","article-title":"Enhanced corticotropin response to corticotropin-releasing hormone as a predictor of mania in euthymic bipolar patients","volume":"29","author":"Vieta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002299","article-title":"High educational performance is a distinctive feature of bipolar disorder: a study on cognition in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia patients, relatives and controls","volume":"46","author":"Vreeker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.6.496","article-title":"Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis function in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"184","author":"Watson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0313","article-title":"Clinical applications of cortisol measurements in hair","volume":"173","author":"Wester","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Psychoneuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453020300779?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306453020300779?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T17:08:40Z","timestamp":1759684120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306453020300779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0306453020300779"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4530","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Higher cortisol levels may proceed a manic episode and are related to disease severity in patients with bipolar disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104658","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104658"}}