{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T16:09:14Z","timestamp":1790525354459,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,27]],"date-time":"2007-01-27T12:14:09Z","timestamp":1169900049000},"page":"108-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Luminal host-defense mechanisms against invasive amebiasis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Easwaran P.","family":"Variyam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/10408369609101485","article-title":"Recent advances in amebiasis","volume":"33","author":"Petri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib2","first-page":"97","article-title":"World Health Organization\/Pan American Health Organization\/UNESCO report of a consultation of experts on amebiasis","volume":"72","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1997","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiol Records of WHO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib3","first-page":"253","article-title":"Experimental entamoebic dysentery","volume":"7","author":"Walker","year":"1913","journal-title":"Philippine J Sci, Section B. Trop Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib4","first-page":"669","article-title":"A longitudinal study of asymptomatic carriers of pathogenic zymodemes of Entamoeba histolytica","volume":"72","author":"Gathiram","year":"1987","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.4.889","article-title":"Asymptomatic intestinal colonization by pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica \u2013 prevalence, response to therapy and pathogenic potential","volume":"14","author":"Irusen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022710","article-title":"Amebiasis","volume":"348","author":"Haque","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S273","DOI":"10.2310\/6650.2005.00006.111","article-title":"An evidence based review of where Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites live in noninvasive infections","volume":"53","author":"Rakvit","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Invest. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(70)92373-1","article-title":"Amoebic aphorisms","volume":"2","author":"Stamm","year":"1970","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/4.4.843","article-title":"Amebiasis: nutritional implications","volume":"4","author":"Diamond","year":"1982","journal-title":"Rev. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib10","series-title":"Amebiasis: Human Infection by Entamoeba histolytica","first-page":"438","article-title":"Interaction of Entamoeba histolytica with nonimmune and immune intestinal defenses","author":"Gillin","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/4.6.1154","article-title":"Immunology of Entamoeba histolytica in human and animal hosts","volume":"4","author":"Trissl","year":"1982","journal-title":"Rev. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib12","series-title":"Amebiasis: Human Infection by Entamoeba histolytica","first-page":"314","article-title":"Virulence-related properties in Entamoeba histolytica","author":"Orosco","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib13","series-title":"Amebiasis: Human Infection by Entamoeba histolytica","first-page":"351","article-title":"Ameba\u2013bacterial relationship in amebiasis","author":"Mirelman","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03291","article-title":"The genome of the protist parasite Entamoeba histolytica","volume":"433","author":"Loftus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.08.006","article-title":"The Entamoeba histolytica genome: something old, something new, something borrowed and sex too?","volume":"21","author":"Stanley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(00)00149-1","article-title":"The mucosal immune response in a mouse model of amebic colitis","volume":"31","author":"Houpt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1258\/002367785780887301","article-title":"A mouse model for Entamoeba histolytica infection","volume":"19","author":"Owen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.904-909.2006","article-title":"Entamoeba histolytica infection in children and protection from subsequent amebiasis","volume":"74","author":"Haque","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113199","article-title":"Rat and human colonic mucins bind to and inhibit adherence lectin of Entamoeba histolytica","volume":"80","author":"Chadee","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.10","article-title":"Intestinal mucin in colonization and host defense against pathogens","volume":"60","author":"Belley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G922","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.280.5.G922","article-title":"The adherent gastrointestinal mucus layer: thickness and physical state in vivo","volume":"280","author":"Atuma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.4.521","article-title":"Luminal bacteria and proteases together decrease adherence of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites to Chinese hamster ovary epithelial cells: a novel host defense against an enteric pathogen","volume":"39","author":"Variyam","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A935","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)28046-4","article-title":"Commensalism of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica","volume":"108","author":"Variyam","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(00)00144-2","article-title":"Animal model of noninvasive Entamoeba histolytica infection","volume":"31","author":"Variyam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.3.420","article-title":"Entamoeba histolytica: from adherence to enteropathy","volume":"159","author":"Ravdin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.2.838-844.2003","article-title":"Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinases disrupt the polymeric structure of colonic mucin and alter its protective function","volume":"71","author":"Moncada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9298","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600623103","article-title":"Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteases cleave the MUC2 mucin in its C-terminal domain and dissolve the protective colonic mucus gel","volume":"103","author":"Lidell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.47.1.68-73.1985","article-title":"Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites in the lumen and mucus blanket of rat colons studied in vivo","volume":"47","author":"Leitch","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01540345","article-title":"Nondysenteric intestinal amebiasis. Colonic morphology and search for Entamoeba histolytica adherence and invasion","volume":"34","author":"Variyam","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113198","article-title":"Isolation of the galactose-binding lectin that mediates the in vitro adherence of Entamoeba histolytica","volume":"80","author":"Petri","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib31","series-title":"Molecular Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Infections","first-page":"37","article-title":"Bacterial glycosidases and degradation of glyccoconjugates in the human gut","author":"Hoskins","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70013-2","article-title":"Lactobacillus species prevents colitis in interleukin 10 gene-deficient mice","volume":"116","author":"Madsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4776.114","article-title":"Indigenous amebiasis: a recent outbreak in England","volume":"3","author":"Morton","year":"1952","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198208053070603","article-title":"An outbreak of amebiasis spread by colonic irrigation at a chiropractic clinic","volume":"307","author":"Istre","year":"1982","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.3.353","article-title":"Thickness of the adherent mucus gel on colonic mucosa in humans and its relevance to colitis","volume":"35","author":"Pullan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006_bib36","series-title":"Gastrointestinal Pathology, An Atlas and Text","first-page":"763","article-title":"Nonneoplastic lesions of the colon","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492207000074?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492207000074?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T22:28:47Z","timestamp":1587335327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471492207000074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471492207000074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4922","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}}}