{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T06:26:18Z","timestamp":1781072778328,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,11]],"date-time":"2011-11-11T15:03:27Z","timestamp":1321023807000},"page":"16-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa: possible?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoun M.","family":"Homeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian D.","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joni C.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.334","article-title":"Elimination of Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Santa Rosa Focus of Guatemala","volume":"77","author":"Lindblade","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2883-2-2","article-title":"Final report of the conference on the eradicability of Onchocerciasis","volume":"2","author":"Dadzie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Filaria J."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000619","article-title":"Partnership and promise: evolution of the African river-blindness campaigns","volume":"96","author":"Benton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(05)80010-5","article-title":"Improvement in severe onchocercal skin disease after a single dose of ivermectin","volume":"90","author":"Pacqu\u00e9","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb11844.x","article-title":"A clinical classification and grading system of the cutaneous changes in onchocerciasis","volume":"129","author":"Murdoch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e497","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000497","article-title":"Feasibility of Onchocerciasis elimination with ivermectin treatment in endemic foci in Africa: first evidence from studies in Mali and Senegal","volume":"3","author":"Diawara","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0009","article-title":"Short report: Polymerase chain reaction pool screening used to compare prevalence of infective black flies in two onchocerciasis foci in Northern Sudan","volume":"84","author":"Higazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000628","article-title":"The achievements and challenges of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC)","volume":"96","author":"S\u00e9k\u00e9t\u00e9li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01213.x","article-title":"Impact of ivermectin on illness and disability associated with onchocerciasis","volume":"9","author":"Tielsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-5-9","article-title":"Impact of long-term treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in Ecuador: potential for elimination of infection","volume":"5","author":"Vieira","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(92)90267-6","article-title":"Treatment of Onchocerciasis with ivermectin in Central America","volume":"8","author":"Cupp","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.08.009","article-title":"Elimination of human onchocerciasis: history of progress and current feasibility using ivermectin (Mectizan) monotherapy","volume":"120","author":"Cupp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.03.007","article-title":"The elimination of the onchocerciasis vector from the island of Bioko as a result of larviciding by the WHO African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control","volume":"111","author":"Traore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-2-7","article-title":"Onchocerciasis control: vision for the future from a Ghanian perspective","volume":"2","author":"Taylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00026-1","article-title":"Doxycycline in the treatment of human onchocerciasis: kinetics of Wolbachia endobacteria reduction and of inhibition of embryogenesis in female Onchocerca worms","volume":"5","author":"Hoerauf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1210","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001210","article-title":"The geographic distribution of Loa loa in Africa: results of large-scale implementation of the Rapid Assessment Procedure for Loiasis (RAPLOA)","volume":"5","author":"Zoure","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000736","article-title":"The effect of 5 years of annual treatment with ivermectin (Mectizan\u00ae) on the prevalence and morbidity of onchocerciasis in the village of Gami in the Central African Republic","volume":"96","author":"Kennedy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1987.11812138","article-title":"Severe onchocercal dermatitis in the Ethiopian border region of Sudan","volume":"81","author":"Ghalib","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1086\/505081","article-title":"Field applicability of a rapid-format anti-ov-16 antibody test for the assessment of onchocerciasis control measures in regions of endemicity","volume":"194","author":"Lipner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e438","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000438","article-title":"A four-antigen mixture for rapid assessment of Onchocerca volvulus infection","volume":"3","author":"Burbelo","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.30","article-title":"Flubendazole: a candidate macrofilaricide for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis field programs","volume":"9","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90109-0","article-title":"The first use of ivermectin for the treatment of onchocerciasis in Yemen","volume":"88","author":"Al-Qubati","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0115","first-page":"384","article-title":"Can ivermectin mass treatments eliminate onchocerciasis in Africa?","volume":"80","author":"Winnen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull. WHO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-53","article-title":"Individual exposure to Simulium bites and intensity of Onchocerca volvulus infection","volume":"3","author":"Jacobi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasites Vector"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003_bib0120","first-page":"382","article-title":"Onchocerciasis: elimination is feasible","volume":"84","author":"Anon.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec."}],"container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492211001814?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492211001814?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T11:59:55Z","timestamp":1560945595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471492211001814"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471492211001814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4922","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}}}