{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:11:12Z","timestamp":1790295072837,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","bmn.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,20]],"date-time":"2014-06-20T04:30:31Z","timestamp":1403238631000},"page":"412-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["The immunological, environmental, and phylogenetic perpetrators of metastatic leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mary-Anne","family":"Hartley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Drexler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Ronet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Beverley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Fasel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control of the leishmaniases","volume":"949","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","journal-title":"WHO Tech. Rep. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12556","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in immunosuppressed individuals","volume":"20","author":"van Griensven","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1475","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001475","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases of the Middle East and North Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and opportunities for control","volume":"6","author":"Hotez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0068","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in an era of conflict in the Middle East","volume":"11","author":"Jacobson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1086\/382135","article-title":"Persistence of Leishmania parasites in scars after clinical cure of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: is there a sterile cure?","volume":"189","author":"Mendonca","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.10.19","article-title":"Current diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"8","author":"Goto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67629-5","article-title":"Advances in leishmaniasis","volume":"366","author":"Murray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00517-6","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"3","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32834a8ba1","article-title":"Recent advances in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"24","author":"Mondal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.11.006","article-title":"Leishmania: conserved evolution \u2013 diverse diseases","volume":"24","author":"Lynn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e476","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000476","article-title":"Comparative expression profiling of Leishmania: modulation in gene expression between species and in different host genetic backgrounds","volume":"3","author":"Depledge","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.05.015","article-title":"Comparative genomics: from genotype to disease phenotype in the leishmaniases","volume":"37","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.122945.111","article-title":"Chromosome and gene copy number variation allow major structural change between species and strains of Leishmania","volume":"21","author":"Rogers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1086\/507646","article-title":"Resistance to oxidative stress is associated with metastasis in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"194","author":"Acestor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-209","article-title":"Resistance of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis to nitric oxide: correlation with antimony therapy and TNF-\u03b1 production","volume":"10","author":"Souza","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1086\/518041","article-title":"Influence of Leishmania (Viannia) species on the response to antimonial treatment in patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis","volume":"195","author":"Arevalo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.09.001","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity among visceral and post-Kala-Azar dermal leishmaniasis strains from eastern India","volume":"7","author":"Dey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007003484","article-title":"Genetic fingerprinting and identification of differentially expressed genes in isolates of Leishmania donovani from Indian patients of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"135","author":"Subba Raju","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.08.018","article-title":"Upregulation of surface proteins in Leishmania donovani isolated from patients of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"8","author":"Salotra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1086\/600109","article-title":"Detection of Leishmania in unaffected mucosal tissues of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) species","volume":"200","author":"Figueroa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.5301\/JN.2011.8343","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis reactivation in transplant patients: a minireview with report of a new case","volume":"24","author":"Postorino","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1199326","article-title":"Leishmania RNA virus controls the severity of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"331","author":"Ives","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0792:CDITEA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Clonal diversity in the expression and stability of the metastatic capability of Leishmania guyanensis in the golden hamster","volume":"86","author":"Martinez","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2006","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002006","article-title":"Detection of Leishmania RNA virus in Leishmania parasites","volume":"7","author":"Zangger","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2836","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002836","article-title":"Leishmania aethiopica field isolates bearing an endosymbiontic dsRNA virus induce pro-inflammatory cytokine response","volume":"8","author":"Zangger","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-0276108052013021","article-title":"Severity of tegumentary leishmaniasis is not exclusively associated with Leishmania RNA virus 1 infection in Brazil","volume":"108","author":"Pereira Lde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.06.005","article-title":"Influence of the nutritional status in the clinical and therapeutical evolution in adults and elderly with American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis","volume":"128","author":"Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275253","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/275253","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal Leishmaniasis: a paradigm of paradoxical immune reconstitution syndrome in non-HIV\/AIDS patients","volume":"2013","author":"Khalil","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.12.004","article-title":"Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: an unresolved mystery","volume":"30","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1225152","article-title":"Compartmentalized control of skin immunity by resident commensals","volume":"337","author":"Naik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1086\/313924","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis following local trauma: a clinical pearl","volume":"31","author":"Wortmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.05.006","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity","volume":"34","author":"Kawai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002635","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002635","article-title":"Leishmania induces survival, proliferation and elevated cellular dNTP levels in human monocytes promoting acceleration of HIV co-infection","volume":"8","author":"Mock","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32761","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032761","article-title":"HIV-1 promotes intake of Leishmania parasites by enhancing phosphatidylserine-mediated, CD91\/LRP-1-dependent phagocytosis in human macrophages","volume":"7","author":"Lodge","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930257","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/930257","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in Leishmania infections: guardians or promoters?","volume":"2012","author":"Faria","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00058","article-title":"Subversion and utilization of host innate defense by Leishmania amazonensis","volume":"3","author":"Soong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.8.4237","article-title":"Genetically resistant mice lacking MyD88-adapter protein display a high susceptibility to Leishmania major infection associated with a polarized Th2 response","volume":"170","author":"Muraille","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00959-09","article-title":"CXCL10 production by human monocytes in response to Leishmania braziliensis infection","volume":"78","author":"Vargas-Inchaustegui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939821","article-title":"The MyD88 protein 88 pathway is differently involved in immune responses induced by distinct substrains of Leishmania major","volume":"40","author":"Revaz-Breton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7127","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.407684","article-title":"UNC93B1 and nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors mediate host resistance to infection with Leishmania major","volume":"288","author":"Schamber-Reis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101018","article-title":"Lymph node hypertrophy following Leishmania major infection is dependent on TLR9","volume":"188","author":"Carvalho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.3.1386","article-title":"TLR9-dependent activation of dendritic cells by DNA from Leishmania major favors Th1 cell development and the resolution of lesions","volume":"182","author":"Abou Fakher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01401-12","article-title":"Role of Toll-like receptor 9 signaling in experimental Leishmania braziliensis infection","volume":"81","author":"Weinkopff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96766","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096766","article-title":"MyD88 and TLR9 dependent immune responses mediate resistance to Leishmania guyanensis infections, irrespective of Leishmania RNA virus burden","volume":"9","author":"Ives","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1866","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001866","article-title":"Human macrophage response to L (Viannia) panamensis: microarray evidence for an early inflammatory response","volume":"6","author":"Ramirez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00099","article-title":"Leishmania RNA virus: when the host pays the toll","volume":"2","author":"Hartley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12095","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of immune cross-talk in leishmaniasis","volume":"19","author":"Hartley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.1.2.18169","article-title":"Systemic cancer immunotherapy with Toll-like receptor 7 agonists: timing is everything","volume":"1","author":"Hotz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.11.014","article-title":"Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR3 synergy and cross-inhibition in murine myeloid dendritic cells","volume":"116","author":"Vanhoutte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3622","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.6.3622","article-title":"Negative regulation of TLR-signaling pathways by activating transcription factor-3","volume":"179","author":"Whitmore","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132715","article-title":"The inflammasomes: guardians of the body","volume":"27","author":"Martinon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04946","article-title":"Intracellular pattern recognition receptors in the host response","volume":"442","author":"Meylan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3221","article-title":"Inflammasome-derived IL-1\u03b2 production induces nitric oxide-mediated resistance to Leishmania","volume":"19","author":"Lima-Junior","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-007-0081-4","article-title":"Inflammasomes in inflammatory disorders: the role of TLRs and their interactions with NLRs","volume":"29","author":"Becker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01630.x","article-title":"Infection with Leishmania amazonensis upregulates purinergic receptor expression and induces host\u2013cell susceptibility to UTP-mediated apoptosis","volume":"13","author":"Marques-da-Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802860","article-title":"IFN-\u03b2 impairs superoxide-dependent parasite killing in human macrophages: evidence for a deleterious role of SOD1 in cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"182","author":"Khouri","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1633","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase 1 regulates caspase-1 and endotoxic shock","volume":"9","author":"Meissner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0295","first-page":"104","article-title":"Evaluation of the expression of the inflammasome pathway related components in Leishmania major-infected murine macrophages","volume":"3","author":"Mahmoudian Sani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2013.04.003","article-title":"PLGA nanoparticles loaded with KMP-11 stimulate innate immunity and induce the killing of Leishmania","volume":"9","author":"Santos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2007.00940.x","article-title":"Differential immune regulation of activated T cells between cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis as a model for pathogenesis","volume":"29","author":"Carvalho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7853","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.7853-7859.2005","article-title":"Decreased in situ expression of interleukin-10 receptor is correlated with the exacerbated inflammatory and cytotoxic responses observed in mucosal leishmaniasis","volume":"73","author":"Faria","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.4","article-title":"CD8+ granzyme B+-mediated tissue injury vs. CD4+IFN\u03b3+-mediated parasite killing in human cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"133","author":"Santos Cda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003504","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003504","article-title":"Cytotoxic T cells mediate pathology and metastasis in cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"9","author":"Novais","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04285.x","article-title":"Therapeutic failure in American cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with gelatinase activity and cytokine expression","volume":"163","author":"Maretti-Mira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.05.009","article-title":"MMP-9 activity is induced by Leishmania braziliensis infection and correlates with mucosal leishmaniasis","volume":"119","author":"Maretti-Mira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-10","article-title":"Extracellular matrix alterations in experimental Leishmania amazonensis infection in susceptible and resistant mice","volume":"43","author":"Silva-Almeida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1086\/653829","article-title":"T-bet, GATA-3, and Foxp3 expression and Th1\/Th2 cytokine production in the clinical outcome of human infection with Leishmania (Viannia) species","volume":"202","author":"Diaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040384","article-title":"Murine model of chronic L (Viannia) panamensis infection: role of IL-13 in disease","volume":"40","author":"Castilho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.558","article-title":"Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis: case of a patient with 425 lesions","volume":"71","author":"Couppie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01398-08","article-title":"Intralesional regulatory T-cell suppressive function during human acute and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis","volume":"77","author":"Bourreau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00216-9","article-title":"Genetic variability within the species Leishmania aethiopica does not correlate with clinical variations of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"106","author":"Schonian","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1179\/000349809X12554106963438","article-title":"Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) developing after treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with amphotericin B and miltefosine","volume":"103","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1086\/506624","article-title":"Interferon (IFN)-\u03b3, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin-6, and IFN-\u03b3 receptor 1 are the major immunological determinants associated with post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"194","author":"Ansari","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-11-10","article-title":"CXCR1 and SLC11A1 polymorphisms affect susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil: a case\u2013control and family-based study","volume":"11","author":"Castellucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.04.006","article-title":"The \u20132518bp promoter polymorphism at CCL2\/MCP1 influences susceptibility to mucosal but not localized cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"10","author":"Ramasawmy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1086\/505504","article-title":"IL6-174 G\/C promoter polymorphism influences susceptibility to mucosal but not localized cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"194","author":"Castellucci","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2011.37","article-title":"FLI1 polymorphism affects susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Castellucci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.09.012","article-title":"Candidate gene case\u2013control and functional study shows macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) polymorphism is associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"61","author":"de Jesus Fernandes Covas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23271","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 3 polymorphism and its association with hepatitis B virus infection in Saudi Arabian patients","volume":"84","author":"Al-Qahtani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182008005180","article-title":"9-O-acetylated sialic acids enhance entry of virulent Leishmania donovani promastigotes into macrophages","volume":"136","author":"Ghoshal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6139","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.9.6139","article-title":"Immunological and genetic evidence for a crucial role of IL-10 in cutaneous lesions in humans infected with Leishmania braziliensis","volume":"180","author":"Salhi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(91)90088-Q","article-title":"Association of mucosal leishmaniasis with HLA","volume":"32","author":"Petzl-Erler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-013-8389-8","article-title":"The immunology of Leishmania\/HIV co-infection","volume":"56","author":"Okwor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32835211e9","article-title":"Mechanisms of interaction between protozoan parasites and HIV","volume":"7","author":"Andreani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1086\/506618","article-title":"Increased Leishmania replication in HIV-1-infected macrophages is mediated by tat protein through cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 synthesis","volume":"194","author":"Barreto-de-Souza","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833f4022","article-title":"HIV protease inhibitors alter innate immune response signaling to double-stranded RNA in oral epithelial cells: implications for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome?","volume":"24","author":"Danaher","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.5.1259","article-title":"Polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor genes associated with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"182","author":"Cabrera","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2009.10.009","article-title":"The role of Toll-like receptors in chronic inflammation","volume":"42","author":"Drexler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.112.005371","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in host innate immune sensor genes and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in North Africa","volume":"3","author":"Moumad","year":"2013","journal-title":"G3 (Bethesda)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-0689-z","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 3 genetic variants and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00530-12","article-title":"Impaired Toll-like receptor 3-mediated immune responses from macrophages of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus","volume":"20","author":"Qian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102179","article-title":"A common polymorphism in TLR3 confers natural resistance to HIV-1 infection","volume":"188","author":"Sironi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000562","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000562","article-title":"Evolutionary dynamics of human Toll-like receptors and their different contributions to host defense","volume":"5","author":"Barreiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/35079114","article-title":"A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease","volume":"411","author":"Ogura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/35079107","article-title":"Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease","volume":"411","author":"Hugot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8869","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200651200","article-title":"Nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through muramyl dipeptide (MDP) detection","volume":"278","author":"Girardin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.01.004","article-title":"The yin and yang of viruses and interferons","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.10.003","article-title":"Decoding the complexity of type I interferon to treat persistent viral infections","volume":"21","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00207.x","article-title":"The role of type I interferons in non-viral infections","volume":"202","author":"Bogdan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7574","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.12.7574","article-title":"Protection against progressive leishmaniasis by IFN-\u03b2","volume":"172","author":"Mattner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7047","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903273","article-title":"Type I IFN receptor regulates neutrophil functions and innate immunity to Leishmania parasites","volume":"184","author":"Xin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492214000920?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492214000920?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,11]],"date-time":"2019-08-11T19:10:37Z","timestamp":1565550637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471492214000920"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471492214000920"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4922","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The immunological, environmental, and phylogenetic perpetrators of metastatic leishmaniasis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2014.05.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}