{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:55:42Z","timestamp":1791924942198,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007258","name":"State University of New York","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007258","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["AI124677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI124677"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["AI069986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI069986"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["NS072298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS072298"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","cell.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","bmn.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]],"date-time":"2017-05-05T08:45:14Z","timestamp":1493973914000},"page":"519-531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Brains and Brawn: Toxoplasma Infections of the Central Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Wohlfert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira J.","family":"Blader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma H.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101","article-title":"Foodborne illness acquired in the United States \u2013 major pathogens","volume":"17","author":"Scallan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-016-9822-1","article-title":"The known and missing links between Toxoplasma gondii and schizophrenia","volume":"31","author":"Elsheikha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs043","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii and other risk factors for schizophrenia: an update","volume":"38","author":"Torrey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.02.015","article-title":"Ocular involvement following postnatally acquired Toxoplasma gondii infection in Southern Brazil: a 28-year experience","volume":"159","author":"Arantes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.89","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection and cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients","volume":"4","author":"Pereira-Chioccola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10376","article-title":"Toxoplasmic myositis as a presenting manifestation of idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia","volume":"27","author":"Plonquet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5070.190813","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis: clinical features, outcomes, treatment, and prevention","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.2.211","article-title":"Toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS","volume":"15","author":"Luft","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078035","article-title":"Recent expansion of Toxoplasma through enhanced oral transmission","volume":"299","author":"Su","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12164","article-title":"The gut mucosal immune response to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"37","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00735.x","article-title":"Induction of dendritic cell migration upon Toxoplasma gondii infection potentiates parasite dissemination","volume":"8","author":"Lambert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003051","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003051","article-title":"GABAergic signaling is linked to a hypermigratory phenotype in dendritic cells infected by Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"8","author":"Fuks","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0065","first-page":"1735","article-title":"Rapid cytoskeleton remodelling in dendritic cells following invasion by Toxoplasma gondii coincides with the onset of a hypermigratory phenotype","volume":"15","author":"Weidner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.08.003","article-title":"The molecular constituents of the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"38","author":"Chow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0666","article-title":"CD11c- and CD11b-expressing mouse leukocytes transport single Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites to the brain","volume":"107","author":"Courret","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12239","article-title":"Real-time imaging of Toxoplasma-infected human monocytes under fluidic shear stress reveals rapid translocation of intracellular parasites across endothelial barriers","volume":"16","author":"Ueno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.10.029","article-title":"Intracellular transport of Toxoplasma gondii through the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"232","author":"Lachenmaier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2012.21","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites cross retinal endothelium assisted by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in vitro","volume":"90","author":"Furtado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16001","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.1","article-title":"Endothelial cells are a replicative niche for entry of Toxoplasma gondii to the central nervous system","volume":"1","author":"Konradt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D391","DOI":"10.2741\/A521","article-title":"The development and biology of bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"5","author":"Weiss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0105","article-title":"Making home sweet and sturdy: Toxoplasma gondii ppGalNAc-Ts glycosylate in hierarchical order and confer cyst wall rigidity","volume":"8:1","author":"Tomita","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.12.013","article-title":"Behavior of parasite-specific effector CD8+ T cells in the brain and visualization of a kinesis-associated system of reticular fibers","volume":"30","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6379","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0804307","article-title":"Dynamic imaging of T cell-parasite interactions in the brains of mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"182","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8038","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.8038","article-title":"Stage-specific expression of surface antigens by Toxoplasma gondii as a mechanism to facilitate parasite persistence","volume":"174","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6871","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300059110","article-title":"ApiAP2 transcription factor restricts development of the Toxoplasma tissue cyst","volume":"110","author":"Radke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0130","article-title":"Transcriptional repression by ApiAP2 factors is central to chronic toxoplasmosis","author":"Radke","year":"2017","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1999.4421","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii in primary rat CNS cells: differential contribution of neurons, astrocytes, and microglial cells for the intracerebral development and stage differentiation","volume":"93","author":"Luder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1556\/EuJMI-D-15-00004","article-title":"Prevalence of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in landrace and mixed breed pigs slaughtered in Baja California Sur State, Mexico","volume":"5","author":"Alvarado-Esquivel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1438","article-title":"Toxoplasma secreting Cre recombinase for analysis of host-parasite interactions","volume":"7","author":"Koshy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199611000-00006","article-title":"Growth and development of Toxoplasma gondii in human neurons and astrocytes","volume":"55","author":"Halonen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7889","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7889-7893.2001","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection of neurons induces neuronal cytokine and chemokine production, but gamma interferon- and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated neurons fail to inhibit the invasion and growth of T. gondii","volume":"69","author":"Schluter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.09.013","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolism of glucose and glutamine is required for intracellular growth of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"12","author":"MacRae","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-48","article-title":"Neurological and behavioral abnormalities, ventricular dilatation, altered cellular functions, inflammation, and neuronal injury in brains of mice due to common, persistent, parasitic infection","volume":"5","author":"Hermes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.06.003","article-title":"Localized recrudescence of Toxoplasma infections in the central nervous system of immunocompromised mice assessed by in vivo bioluminescence imaging","volume":"9","author":"Dellacasa-Lindberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01155-15","article-title":"Novel approaches reveal that Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites within tissue cysts are dynamic and replicating entities in vivo","volume":"6","author":"Watts","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.074153","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection and behaviour \u2013 location, location, location?","volume":"216","author":"McConkey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6442","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608310104","article-title":"Behavioral changes induced by Toxoplasma infection of rodents are highly specific to aversion of cat odors","volume":"104","author":"Vyas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.267","article-title":"Structures of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites and biology and development of tissue cysts","volume":"11","author":"Dubey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.1.175","article-title":"Simultaneous depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes is required to reactivate chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"149","author":"Gazzinelli","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2015.07.005","article-title":"Evolution of cytokine profile during the treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients","volume":"426","author":"Meira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.04.018","article-title":"A critical role for IL-10 in limiting inflammation during toxoplasmic encephalitis","volume":"165","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1376","article-title":"Interleukin 27 negatively regulates the development of interleukin 17-producing T helper cells during chronic inflammation of the central nervous system","volume":"7","author":"Stumhofer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062175","article-title":"Conventional T-bet(+)Foxp3(\u2212) Th1 cells are the major source of host-protective regulatory IL-10 during intracellular protozoan infection","volume":"204","author":"Jankovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.2.798","article-title":"In the absence of endogenous IL-10, mice acutely infected with Toxoplasma gondii succumb to a lethal immune response dependent on CD4+ T cells and accompanied by overproduction of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF- alpha","volume":"157","author":"Gazzinelli","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601581","article-title":"CD11c-expressing cells affect Treg behavior in the meninges during CNS infection","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01222119","article-title":"Neuropathological studies in the brains of AIDS patients with opportunistic diseases","volume":"105","author":"Neuen-Jacob","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0235","first-page":"E439","article-title":"Metabolic-cytokine responses to a second immunological challenge with LPS in mice with T. gondii infection","volume":"274","author":"Arsenijevic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.6.1360","article-title":"Pyrimethamine pharmacokinetics in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"40","author":"Jacobson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11098","article-title":"Generalized Levy walks and the role of chemokines in migration of effector CD8+ T cells","volume":"486","author":"Harris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002246","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002246","article-title":"Analysis of behavior and trafficking of dendritic cells within the brain during toxoplasmic encephalitis","volume":"7","author":"John","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.10.2035","article-title":"Choroid plexus infection in cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients","volume":"43","author":"Falangola","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2015.00014","article-title":"Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in brain and heart by immunohistochemistry in a hospital-based autopsy series in Durango, Mexico","volume":"5","author":"Alvarado-Esquivel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00049","DOI":"10.1042\/AN20100027","article-title":"T-cell production of matrix metalloproteinases and inhibition of parasite clearance by TIMP-1 during chronic Toxoplasma infection in the brain","volume":"3","author":"Clark","year":"2011","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0010024","article-title":"Disruption of Toxoplasma gondii parasitophorous vacuoles by the mouse p47-resistance GTPases","volume":"1","author":"Martens","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061318","article-title":"Vacuolar and plasma membrane stripping and autophagic elimination of Toxoplasma gondii in primed effector macrophages","volume":"203","author":"Ling","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01288-07","article-title":"The gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-inducible GTP-binding protein IGTP is necessary for Toxoplasma vacuolar disruption and induces parasite egression in IFN-gamma-stimulated astrocytes","volume":"76","author":"Melzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.7.1261","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide is essential for host control of persistent but not acute infection with the intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"185","author":"Scharton-Kersten","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01722-14","article-title":"Complex immune cell interplay in the gamma interferon response during Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"82","author":"Sturge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205635110","article-title":"Murine guanylate binding protein 2 (mGBP2) controls Toxoplasma gondii replication","volume":"110","author":"Degrandi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.06.009","article-title":"A cluster of interferon-gamma-inducible p65 GTPases plays a critical role in host defense against Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"37","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.10.020","article-title":"Microglia and macrophages as innate producers of interferon-gamma in the brain following infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"35","author":"Suzuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01881-16","article-title":"STAT1 Signaling in astrocytes is essential for control of infection in the central nervous system","volume":"7","author":"Hidano","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.09.014","article-title":"CNS-derived CCL21 is both sufficient to drive homeostatic CD4+ T cell proliferation and necessary for efficient CD4+ T cell migration into the CNS parenchyma following Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"25","author":"Ploix","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00335","article-title":"CD103+ CD8 T cells in the Toxoplasma-infected exhibit a tissue-resident memory transcriptional profile","volume":"8","author":"Landrith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis304","article-title":"PD-1-mediated attrition of polyfunctional memory CD8+ T cells in chronic toxoplasma infection","volume":"206","author":"Bhadra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9196","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015298108","article-title":"Control of Toxoplasma reactivation by rescue of dysfunctional CD8+ T-cell response via PD-1-PDL-1 blockade","volume":"108","author":"Bhadra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00784-12","article-title":"Donor CD8+ T cells prevent Toxoplasma gondii de-encystation but fail to rescue the exhausted endogenous CD8+ T cell population","volume":"81","author":"Bhadra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.06.013","article-title":"Continuous effector CD8(+) T cell production in a controlled persistent infection is sustained by a proliferative intermediate population","volume":"45","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002990","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002990","article-title":"Chitinase dependent control of protozoan cyst burden in the brain","volume":"8","author":"Nance","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.4.1903","article-title":"Perforin-mediated cytolysis plays a limited role in host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"159","author":"Denkers","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399411002018","article-title":"Interferon-gamma- and perforin-mediated immune responses for resistance against Toxoplasma gondii in the brain","volume":"13","author":"Suzuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1086\/593019","article-title":"Parasite stage-specific recognition of endogenous Toxoplasma gondii-derived CD8+ T cell epitopes","volume":"198","author":"Frickel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12643","article-title":"Transnuclear CD8 T cells specific for the immunodominant epitope Gra6 lower acute-phase Toxoplasma gondii burden","volume":"149","author":"Sanecka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1629","article-title":"Immunodominant, protective response to the parasite Toxoplasma gondii requires antigen processing in the endoplasmic reticulum","volume":"9","author":"Blanchard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01428-15","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infections alter GABAergic synapses and signaling in the central nervous system","volume":"6","author":"Brooks","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005643","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005643","article-title":"GLT-1-dependent disruption of CNS glutamate homeostasis and neuronal function by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"12","author":"David","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a022863","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a022863","article-title":"Glutamatergic mechanisms sssociated with seizures and epilepsy","volume":"5","author":"Barker-Haliski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(00)00067-8","article-title":"Glutamate uptake","volume":"65","author":"Danbolt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03180","article-title":"Beta-lactam antibiotics offer neuroprotection by increasing glutamate transporter expression","volume":"433","author":"Rothstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6496","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.12.6496","article-title":"Cleft palate and decreased brain gamma-aminobutyric acid in mice lacking the 67-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase","volume":"94","author":"Asada","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200912101","article-title":"Two distinct mechanisms target GAD67 to vesicular pathways and presynaptic clusters","volume":"190","author":"Kanaani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005447","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005447","article-title":"Neurons are the primary target cell for the brain-tropic intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"12","author":"Cabral","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002825","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002825","article-title":"Toxoplasma co-opts host cells it does not invade","volume":"8","author":"Koshy","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.11.002","article-title":"Inflammatory pathways of seizure disorders","volume":"37","author":"Marchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3046","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01042-10","article-title":"Migratory activation of primary cortical microglia upon infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"79","author":"Dellacasa-Lindberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5431-9","article-title":"Antibodies and neuronal autoimmune disorders of the CNS","volume":"257","author":"Graus","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.22.1.219","article-title":"Microglia as mediators of inflammatory and degenerative diseases","volume":"22","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Scarano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113810","article-title":"The complement system: an unexpected role in synaptic pruning during development and disease","volume":"35","author":"Stephan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.10.036","article-title":"The classical complement cascade mediates CNS synapse elimination","volume":"131","author":"Stevens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000527","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000527","article-title":"Microglial interactions with synapses are modulated by visual experience","volume":"8","author":"Tremblay","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad8373","article-title":"Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models","volume":"352","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18283","article-title":"A complement-microglial axis drives synapse loss during virus-induced memory impairment","volume":"534","author":"Vasek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.026","article-title":"Microglia sculpt postnatal neural circuits in an activity and complement-dependent manner","volume":"74","author":"Schafer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4486","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5486","article-title":"Microglial displacement of inhibitory synapses provides neuroprotection in the adult brain","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/24.4.676","article-title":"Toxoplasmic myocarditis and polymyositis in patients with acute acquired toxoplasmosis diagnosed during life","volume":"24","author":"Montoya","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320409","article-title":"Skeletal muscle toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a clinical and pathological study","volume":"32","author":"Gherardi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8966(97)00098-9","article-title":"Toxoplasmic polymyositis revisited: case report and review of literature","volume":"7","author":"Cuturic","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2008.10.002","article-title":"Primary skeletal muscle cells trigger spontaneous Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite conversion at higher rates than fibroblasts","volume":"299","author":"Ferreira-da-Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12342","article-title":"Withdrawal of skeletal muscle cells from cell cycle progression triggers differentiation of Toxoplasma gondii towards the bradyzoite stage","volume":"17","author":"Swierzy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020105","article-title":"Changes in the expression of human cell division autoantigen-1 influence Toxoplasma gondii growth and development","volume":"2","author":"Radke","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600914","article-title":"Regulatory T cells promote myositis and muscle damage in Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"198","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45440","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045440","article-title":"Interferon-gamma restricts Toxoplasma gondii development in murine skeletal muscle cells via nitric oxide production and immunity-related GTPases","volume":"7","author":"Takacs","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230111","article-title":"Expression of immunoreactive major histocompatibility complex products in human skeletal muscles","volume":"23","author":"Karpati","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(89)90128-7","article-title":"Major histocompatibility complex class I antigen expression, immunolocalization of interferon subtypes, and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in myopathies","volume":"20","author":"Emslie-Smith","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.10.001","article-title":"Decrease of Foxp3+ Treg cell number and acquisition of effector cell phenotype during lethal infection","volume":"31","author":"Oldenhove","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.06.014","article-title":"The cytokines interleukin 27 and interferon-gamma promote distinct Treg cell populations required to limit infection-induced pathology","volume":"37","author":"Hall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3985","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803053","article-title":"Anti-CD25 antibody-mediated depletion of effector T cell populations enhances susceptibility of mice to acute but not chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"182","author":"Couper","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/2044-5040-3-13","article-title":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: pathogenic mechanisms of muscle weakness","volume":"3","author":"Rayavarapu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Skelet. Muscle"}],"container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492217301022?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492217301022?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T02:25:44Z","timestamp":1750213544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471492217301022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471492217301022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4922","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Brains and Brawn: Toxoplasma Infections of the Central Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2017.04.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}