{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:36:05Z","timestamp":1791941765380,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","cell.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","bmn.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T15:05:31Z","timestamp":1530284731000},"page":"683-693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Trichomonas vaginalis: Pathogenesis, Symbiont Interactions, and Host Cell Immune Responses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Frances","family":"Mercer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7594.1","article-title":"Recent advances in the Trichomonas vaginalis field","volume":"5","author":"Leitsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000128","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis origins, molecular pathobiology and clinical considerations","volume":"28","author":"Hirt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0723","article-title":"Neglected parasitic infections in the United States: trichomoniasis","volume":"90","author":"Secor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0020","series-title":"Prevalence and Incidence of Selected Sexually Transmitted Infections, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Syphilis, and Trichomonas vaginalis: Methods and Results Used by the WHO to Generate 2005 Estimates","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.08.007","article-title":"Impact of T. vaginalis infection on innate immune responses and reproductive outcome","volume":"83","author":"Fichorova","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0860-0","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis: pathogenicity and potential role in human reproductive failure","volume":"44","author":"Mielczarek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1185","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for cervical neoplasia: a cervical cancer screening program in Beijing","volume":"14","author":"Tao","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.12.007","article-title":"Association between high risk human papillomavirus infection and co-infection with Candida spp. and Trichomonas vaginalis in women with cervical premalignant and malignant lesions","volume":"87","author":"Ghosh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1545-6","article-title":"Genital infections and risk of premature rupture of membranes in Mulago Hospital, Uganda: a case control study","volume":"8","author":"Nakubulwa","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix908","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis brain abscess in a neonate","volume":"66","author":"Hamilton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1086\/522532","article-title":"The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among reproductive-age women in the United States, 2001\u20132004","volume":"45","author":"Sutton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.03.005","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis infection in symbiosis with Trichomonasvirus and Mycoplasma","volume":"168","author":"Fichorova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0510161","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis: current understanding of host\u2013parasite interactions","volume":"51","author":"Ryan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4358","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4358-4360.2000","article-title":"Host and tissue specificity of Trichomonas vaginalis is not mediated by its known adhesion proteins","volume":"68","author":"Addis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01190.x","article-title":"Galectin-1 on cervical epithelial cells is a receptor for the sexually transmitted human parasite Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"10","author":"Okumura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M000022-MCP201","article-title":"Proteome analysis of the surface of Trichomonas vaginalis reveals novel proteins and strain-dependent differential expression","volume":"9","author":"de Miguel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01244-12","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis contact-dependent cytolysis of epithelial cells","volume":"81","author":"Lustig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.03.012","article-title":"A protein phosphatase 1gamma (PP1gamma) of the human protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis is involved in proliferation and cell attachment to the host cell","volume":"42","author":"Munoz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00538-16","article-title":"The glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase of Trichomonas vaginalis is a surface-associated protein induced by glucose that functions as a laminin- and fibronectin-binding protein","volume":"84","author":"Miranda-Ozuna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/561979","article-title":"The TvLEGU-1, a legumain-like cysteine proteinase, plays a key role in Trichomonas vaginalis cytoadherence","volume":"2013","author":"Rendon-Gandarilla","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005294","article-title":"A Trichomonas vaginalis rhomboid protease and its substrate modulate parasite attachment and cytolysis of host cells","volume":"11","author":"Riestra","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.RA117.000018","article-title":"Protein palmitoylation plays an important role in Trichomonas vaginalis adherence","author":"Nievas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12716","article-title":"Epigenetics regulates transcription and pathogenesis in the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis","author":"Pachano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0120","article-title":"Epigenome mapping highlights chromatin-mediated gene regulation in the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004913","article-title":"Leukocyte lysis and cytokine induction by the human sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"10","author":"Mercer","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2017.09.001","article-title":"The 50kDa metalloproteinase TvMP50 is a zinc-mediated Trichomonas vaginalis virulence factor","volume":"217","author":"Puente-Rivera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991041","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis kills and eats \u2013 evidence for phagocytic activity as a cytopathic effect","volume":"137","author":"Midlej","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(99)80006-9","article-title":"The flagellated parasite Trichomonas vaginalis: new insights into cytopathogenicity mechanisms","volume":"1","author":"Fiori","year":"1999","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1998.4297","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis: in vitro phagocytosis of lactobacilli, vaginal epithelial cells, leukocytes, and erythrocytes","volume":"89","author":"Rendon-Maldonado","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1042\/BC20060084","article-title":"Phagocytosis by Trichomonas vaginalis: new insights","volume":"99","author":"Pereira-Neves","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12431","article-title":"The C-terminal tail of tetraspanin proteins regulates their intracellular distribution in the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"17","author":"Coceres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003482","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis exosomes deliver cargo to host cells and mediate hostratioparasite interactions","volume":"9","author":"Twu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132894","article-title":"Draft genome sequence of the sexually transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"315","author":"Carlton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0170","first-page":"1707","article-title":"The actin-based machinery of Trichomonas vaginalis mediates flagellate-amoeboid transition and migration across host tissue","volume":"15","author":"Kusdian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2726-3","article-title":"Membrane-shed vesicles from the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis: characterization and their association with cell interaction","volume":"75","author":"Nievas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women","volume":"108","author":"Ravel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3182631c79","article-title":"Association between Trichomonas vaginalis and vaginal bacterial community composition among reproductive-age women","volume":"39","author":"Brotman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.434","article-title":"Correlation of Trichomonas vaginalis to bacterial vaginosis: a laboratory-based study","volume":"4","author":"El Sayed Zaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051052","article-title":"The villain team-up or how Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis alter innate immunity in concert","volume":"89","author":"Fichorova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051039","article-title":"The adherence of Trichomonas vaginalis to host ectocervical cells is influenced by lactobacilli","volume":"89","author":"Phukan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.5152\/tpd.2012.47","article-title":"The cytopathic effects of Trichomonas vaginalis on fibroblast cell culture alone and with C. albicans and E. coli","volume":"36","author":"Ozcelik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol. Derg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00416-13","article-title":"Correlation of leukorrhea and Trichomonas vaginalis infection","volume":"51","author":"Lazenby","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2017.09.007","article-title":"Direct detection of Trichomonas vaginalis virus in Trichomonas vaginalis positive clinical samples from the Netherlands","volume":"250","author":"Jehee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048418","article-title":"Endobiont viruses sensed by the human host \u2013 beyond conventional antiparasitic therapy","volume":"7","author":"Fichorova","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00056-13","article-title":"Structure of a protozoan virus from the human genitourinary parasite Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"4","author":"Parent","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00953","article-title":"Symbiotic association with Mycoplasma hominis can influence growth rate, ATP production, cytolysis and inflammatory response of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"7","author":"Margarita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-051006","article-title":"Association of Trichomonas vaginalis with its symbiont Mycoplasma hominis synergistically upregulates the in vitro proinflammatory response of human monocytes","volume":"89","author":"Fiori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110943","article-title":"An emerging mycoplasma associated with trichomoniasis, vaginal infection and disease","volume":"9","author":"Fettweis","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit100","article-title":"Unique vaginal microbiota that includes an unknown Mycoplasma-like organism is associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection","volume":"207","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3764","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03821-7","article-title":"Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii replicates, diversifies, and co-occurs with Trichomonas vaginalis in the oral cavity of a premature infant","volume":"7","author":"Costello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.3.1326-1332.2004","article-title":"Production of interleukin-8 by human neutrophils stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"72","author":"Ryu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3864","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.10.3864-3870.1995","article-title":"Generation of interleukin-8 from human monocytes in response to Trichomonas vaginalis stimulation","volume":"63","author":"Shaio","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.6.1638","article-title":"Monocyte-derived interleukin-8 involved in the recruitment of neutrophils induced by Trichomonas vaginalis infection","volume":"170","author":"Shaio","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130146","article-title":"T. vaginalis infection is associated with increased IL-8 and TNFr1 levels but with the absence of CD38 and HLADR activation in the cervix of ESN","volume":"10","author":"Jarrett","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.651497","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis lipophosphoglycan exploits binding to Galectin-1 and -3 to modulate epithelial immunity","volume":"291","author":"Fichorova","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-0106-3_2","article-title":"Galectins as pattern recognition receptors: structure, function, and evolution","volume":"946","author":"Vasta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23178","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis induces IL-1beta production in a human prostate epithelial cell line by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome via reactive oxygen species and potassium ion efflux","volume":"76","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.22766","article-title":"Inflammatory response of prostate epithelial cells to stimulation by Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"74","author":"Seo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12100","article-title":"IL-22 levels are associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection in the lower genital tract","volume":"70","author":"Makinde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.076","article-title":"Host\u2013protozoan interactions protect from mucosal infections through activation of the inflammasome","volume":"167","author":"Chudnovskiy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8179","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321884111","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces prostate cell growth, invasiveness, and inflammatory responses","volume":"111","author":"Twu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31824876ca","article-title":"Higher SLPI expression, lower immune activation, and increased frequency of immune cells in a cohort of Colombian HIV-1 controllers","volume":"60","author":"Taborda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1086\/318535","article-title":"Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in vaginal fluids and perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission","volume":"183","author":"Pillay","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360100396","article-title":"Specific IgA response, T-cell subtype and cytokine profile in experimental intravaginal trichomoniasis","volume":"88","author":"Paintlia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-0971-y","article-title":"Antitrichomonas IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgG subclass responses in human intravaginal trichomoniasis","volume":"103","author":"Kaur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-051013","article-title":"Antibodies to Trichomonas vaginalis surface glycolipid","volume":"89","author":"Bastida-Corcuera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051839","article-title":"Kinetics of circulating antibody response to Trichomonas vaginalis: clinical and diagnostic implications","volume":"91","author":"Ton Nu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000218","article-title":"Interventions for treating trichomoniasis in women","author":"Forna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/142.4.575","article-title":"Trichomonacidal activity of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils: killing by disruption and fragmentation","volume":"142","author":"Rein","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2003885","article-title":"Neutrophils kill the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis using trogocytosis","volume":"16","author":"Mercer","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3399","article-title":"Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Kolaczkowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13242","article-title":"Trogocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica contributes to cell killing and tissue invasion","volume":"508","author":"Ralston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01187-17","article-title":"Inhibition of amebic lysosomal acidification blocks amebic trogocytosis and cell killing","volume":"8","author":"Gilmartin","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.RA117.000434","article-title":"Dynamic secretome of Trichomonas vaginalis: case study of beta-amylases","volume":"17","author":"Stafkova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.9.3388-3395.1995","article-title":"Analysis of human immunoglobulin-degrading cysteine proteinases of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"63","author":"Provenzano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.34.1.268-273.1981","article-title":"Activation of the alternative complement pathway by Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"34","author":"Gillin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2007.06.010","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis: reactive oxygen species mediates caspase-3 dependent apoptosis of human neutrophils","volume":"118","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12426","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12426","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis exosome-like vesicles modify the cytokine profile and reduce inflammation in parasite-infected mice","volume":"39","author":"Olmos-Ortiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2015.48.2.116","article-title":"Modulation of dendritic cell function by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products","volume":"48","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762013000100018","article-title":"IL-10 release by bovine epithelial cells cultured with Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus","volume":"108","author":"Vilela","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18442-3","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated gene modification and gene knock out in the human-infective parasite Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"8","author":"Janssen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.07.010","article-title":"Phosphoproteome profiling of the sexually transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"46","author":"Yeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1759-8753-5-12","article-title":"The Tc1\/mariner transposable element family shapes genetic variation and gene expression in the protist Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"5","author":"Bradic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mob. DNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2012.10.011","article-title":"An improved quantitative method to assess adhesive properties of Trichomonas vaginalis to host vaginal ectocervical cells using flow cytometry","volume":"92","author":"Brooks","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2017.06.003","article-title":"The fluorescent protein iLOV outperforms eGFP as a reporter gene in the microaerophilic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"216","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492218301156?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492218301156?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T19:00:32Z","timestamp":1604516432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471492218301156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471492218301156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4922","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trichomonas vaginalis: Pathogenesis, Symbiont Interactions, and Host Cell Immune Responses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2018.05.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}