{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:47:05Z","timestamp":1786996025995,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P027873\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P027873\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/R015600\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/R015600\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020171","name":"Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmn.com","cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T16:35:22Z","timestamp":1648830922000},"page":"591-604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Vector control and entomological capacity for onchocerciasis elimination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9771-4880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u00f1aki","family":"Tirados","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1136-6430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9147-3388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eve","family":"Worrall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6868-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lassane","family":"Koala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5847-758X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tito T.","family":"Melachio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5031-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda-Gloria","family":"Bas\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0005","series-title":"Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals. A Road Map for Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021\u20132030","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0010","first-page":"9","article-title":"Human onchocerciasis \u2013 an overview of the disease","volume":"59","author":"Duke","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Leiden"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61689-4","article-title":"Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Murray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005424","article-title":"The global burden of disease study 2013: What does it mean for the NTDs?","volume":"11","author":"Herricks","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0025","first-page":"S22","article-title":"Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Diseases and Injuries Collaborators (2020). Cause and risk summary: onchocerciasis \u2013 level 3 cause. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle, USA","volume":"396","author":"IHME","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(83)90308-5","article-title":"Relationships between mortality, visual acuity and microfilarial load in the area of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme","volume":"77","author":"Kirkwood","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000718","article-title":"Excess mortality associated with blindness in the onchocerciasis focus of the Mbam Valley, Cameroon","volume":"96","author":"Pion","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16151-5","article-title":"Association between microfilarial load and excess mortality in onchocerciasis: an epidemiological study","volume":"363","author":"Little","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001578","article-title":"Density-dependent mortality of the human host in onchocerciasis: Relationships between microfilarial load and excess mortality","volume":"6","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30425-0","article-title":"The temporal relationship between onchocerciasis and epilepsy: a population-based cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Chesnais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000664","article-title":"Monitoring community-directed treatment programmes for sustainability: lessons from the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC)","volume":"96","author":"Amazigo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0060","series-title":"Conceptual and Operational Framework of Onchocerciasis Elimination with Ivermectin Treatment","author":"African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.13067.1","article-title":"The World Health Organization 2030 Goals for Onchocerciasis: Insights and Perspectives from Mathematical Modelling","volume":"3","author":"NTD Modelling Consortium Onchocerciasis Group","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gates Open Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(97)01145-9","article-title":"Twenty-two years of blackfly control in the onchocerciasis control programme in West Africa","volume":"13","author":"Hougard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0075","first-page":"195","article-title":"Onchocerciasis in Kenya 9, 11 and 18 years after elimination of the vector","volume":"37","author":"Roberts","year":"1967","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(91)90015-C","article-title":"The reproductive lifespan of Onchocerca volvulus in West African savanna","volume":"48","author":"Plaisier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1086\/322789","article-title":"Eliminating onchocerciasis after 14 years of vector control: a proved strategy","volume":"184","author":"Hougard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2021.01.002","article-title":"Taking the strain out of onchocerciasis? A reanalysis of blindness and transmission data does not support the existence of a savannah blinding strain of onchocerciasis in West Africa","volume":"112","author":"Cheke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.39.010194.000323","article-title":"Sixty years of onchocerciasis vector control: a chronological summary with comments on eradication, reinvasion, and insecticide resistance","volume":"39","author":"Davies","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.03.007","article-title":"The elimination of the onchocerciasis vector from the island of Bioko as a result of larviciding by the WHO African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control","volume":"111","author":"Traor\u00e9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i79","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihx044","article-title":"After 70 years of fighting an age-old scourge, onchocerciasis in Uganda, the end is in sight","volume":"10","author":"Katabarwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13241","article-title":"Economic evaluations of onchocerciasis interventions: a systematic review and research needs","volume":"24","author":"Turner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tropical Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(98)01345-3","article-title":"Environmental assessment of larvicide use in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme","volume":"14","author":"Calamari","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0120","first-page":"569","article-title":"Fate and toxicity of temephos applied to an intertidal mangrove community","volume":"5","author":"Pierce","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.04.001","article-title":"The elimination of the vector Simulium neavei from the Itwara onchocerciasis focus in Uganda by ground larviciding","volume":"111","author":"Garms","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X337427","article-title":"The Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa (OCP)","volume":"102","author":"Boatin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007557","article-title":"Modelling exposure heterogeneity and density dependence in onchocerciasis using a novel individual-based transmission model, EPIONCHO-IBM: Implications for elimination and data needs","volume":"13","author":"Hamley","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70099-9","article-title":"Effect of single-dose ivermectin on Onchocerca volvulus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Bas\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)00611-8","article-title":"Onchocerca-Simulium interactions and the population and evolutionary biology of Onchocerca volvulus","volume":"68","author":"Bas\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.08.003","article-title":"River blindness: Mathematical models for control and elimination","volume":"94","author":"Bas\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(83)90278-X","article-title":"The distribution of the microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in the different body regions in relation to the attacking behaviour of Simulium damnosum s.l. in the Sudan savanna of northern Cameroon","volume":"77","author":"Renz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006471","article-title":"Interruption of onchocerciasis transmission in Bioko Island: Accelerating the movement from control to elimination in Equatorial Guinea","volume":"12","author":"Herrador","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0165","first-page":"237","article-title":"Required duration of combined annual ivermectin treatment and vector control in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa","volume":"75","author":"Plaisier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61194-w","article-title":"Data-driven modelling and spatial complexity supports heterogeneity-based integrative management for eliminating Simulium neavei-transmitted river blindness","volume":"10","author":"Michael","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006702","article-title":"Community-directed vector control to supplement mass drug distribution for onchocerciasis elimination in the Madi mid-North focus of Northern Uganda","volume":"12","author":"Jacob","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007558","article-title":"Optimization and evaluation of the Esperanza Window Trap to reduce biting rates of Simulium damnosum sensu lato in Northern Uganda","volume":"13","author":"Loum","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51835-0","article-title":"Accelerating river blindness elimination by supplementing MDA with a vegetation 'slash and clear' vector control strategy: a data-driven modeling analysis","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2655-5","article-title":"Identifying co-endemic areas for major filarial infections in sub-Saharan Africa: seeking synergies and preventing severe adverse events during mass drug administration campaigns","volume":"11","author":"Cano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)11094-1","article-title":"Serious reactions after mass treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in an area endemic for Loa loa infection","volume":"350","author":"Gardon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i40","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihx054","article-title":"Alternative treatment strategies to accelerate the elimination of onchocerciasis","volume":"10","author":"Boussinesq","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2103-y","article-title":"Loa loa vectors Chrysops spp.: perspectives on research, distribution, bionomics, and implications for elimination of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis","volume":"10","author":"Kelly-Hope","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005157","article-title":"Using community-level prevalence of Loa loa infection to predict the proportion of highly-infected individuals: statistical modelling to support lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis elimination programs","volume":"10","author":"Schl\u00fcter","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0215","first-page":"169","article-title":"The risk and dynamics of onchocerciasis recrudescence after cessation of vector control","volume":"69","author":"Plaisier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2607(90)90030-D","article-title":"ONCHOSIM: a model and computer simulation program for the transmission and control of onchocerciasis","volume":"31","author":"Plaisier","year":"1990","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Prog. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.12.009","article-title":"Control of onchocerciasis in Africa: threshold shifts, breakpoints and rules for elimination","volume":"41","author":"Duerr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S267","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1137","article-title":"How can onchocerciasis elimination in Africa be accelerated? Modeling the impact of increased ivermectin treatment frequency and complementary vector control","volume":"66","author":"Verver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0235","first-page":"20130559","article-title":"Potential effects of warmer worms and vectors on onchocerciasis transmission in West Africa","volume":"370","author":"Cheke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2864-y","article-title":"Modelling the impact of larviciding on the population dynamics and biting rates of Simulium damnosum (s.l.): implications for vector control as a complementary strategy for onchocerciasis elimination in Africa","volume":"11","author":"Routledge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0245","series-title":"The Natural History of Blackflies","author":"Crosskey","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.12.022","article-title":"Ecological characteristics of Simulium breeding sites in West Africa","volume":"167","author":"Cheke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/17.1.58","article-title":"Color and shape as mediators of host-seeking responses of Simuliids and Tabanids (Diptera) in the Tantramar Marshes, New Brunswick, Canada","volume":"17","author":"Browne","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300014905","article-title":"An analysis of colour effects in the performance of the F2 trap against Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae)","volume":"76","author":"Green","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1139\/z51-006","article-title":"Some observations of the number of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) landing on colored cloths","volume":"29","author":"Davies","year":"1951","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076814","article-title":"Development of a novel trap for the collection of black flies of the Simulium ochraceum complex","volume":"8","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.04.029","article-title":"Optimization of the Esperanza window trap for the collection of the African onchocerciasis vector Simulium damnosum sensu lato","volume":"137","author":"To\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0244","article-title":"Evaluation of community-directed operation of black fly traps for entomological surveillance of Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Madi-mid north focus of onchocerciasis in northern Uganda","volume":"97","author":"Loum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(78)90039-1","article-title":"Standardization of criteria for assessing the effect of Simulium control in onchocerciasis control programmes","volume":"72","author":"Walsh","year":"1978","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01921.x","article-title":"Taxonomy and inventory of the cytospecies and cytotypes of the Simulium damnosum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in relation to onchocerciasis","volume":"12","author":"Post","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tropical Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005688","article-title":"Esperanza Window Traps for the collection of anthropophilic blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Uganda and Tanzania","volume":"11","author":"Hendy","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0505","article-title":"Identification of human-derived attractants to Simulium damnosum sensu stricto in the Madi-Mid North onchocerciasis focus of Uganda","volume":"103","author":"Cozart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.106020","article-title":"Capture of high numbers of Simulium vectors can be achieved with Host Decoy Traps to support data acquisition in the onchocerciasis elimination endgame","volume":"221","author":"Talom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17632-3","article-title":"Exploiting Anopheles responses to thermal, odour and visual stimuli to improve surveillance and control of malaria","volume":"7","author":"Hawkes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009512","article-title":"Human immune response against salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l.: A new epidemiological marker for exposure to blackfly bites in onchocerciasis endemic areas","volume":"15","author":"Willen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010108","article-title":"Demographic patterns of human antibody levels to Simulium damnosum s.l. saliva in onchocerciasis-endemic areas: An indicator of exposure to vector bites","volume":"16","author":"Willen","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1703-2","article-title":"Onchocerciasis transmission in Ghana: the human blood index of sibling species of the Simulium damnosum complex","volume":"9","author":"Lamberton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0330","first-page":"455","article-title":"Studies on the attraction of Simulium damnosum s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) to its hosts. I. The relative importance of sight, exhaled breath, and smell","volume":"27","author":"Thompson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Tropenmed. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0335","first-page":"83","article-title":"Studies on the attraction of Simulium damnosum s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) to its hosts. II. The nature of substances on the human skin responsible for attractant olfactory stimuli","volume":"28","author":"Thompson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Tropenmed. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1017\/S174275840001585X","article-title":"Preliminary survey of odours that attract the black fly, Simulium arcticum (Malloch) (IIS-10.11) (Diptera: Simuliidae) to its cattle hosts in the Athabasca region of Alberta","volume":"15","author":"Sutcliffe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0345","first-page":"62","article-title":"Trials of attractants to enhance biconical trap catches of Simulium yahense and S. sanctipauli s.l. In Proceedings from the Wellcome Foundation Filariasis Seminar","volume":"38","author":"Cheke","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003450","article-title":"Identification of human semiochemicals attractive to the major vectors of onchocerciasis","volume":"9","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0355","series-title":"Biological Control of Pest and Vector Insects","first-page":"285","article-title":"The African Chrysops","author":"Kouam","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.32.010187.001501","article-title":"Visual ecology of biting flies","volume":"32","author":"Allan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-008-0425-5","article-title":"Ventral polarization vision in tabanids: horseflies and deerflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are attracted to horizontally polarized light","volume":"95","author":"Horv\u00e1th","year":"2008","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2007.00665.x","article-title":"Tsetse and other biting fly responses to Nzi traps baited with octenol, phenols and acetone","volume":"21","author":"Mihok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1955.11685674","article-title":"Studies on the biting habits of Chrysops. II. The effect of wood fires on the biting density of Chrysops silacea in the rain-forest at Kumba, British Cameroons","volume":"49","author":"Duke","year":"1955","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/28.2.263","article-title":"Effect of attraction factors on the sampling of Chrysops silacea and C. dimidiata (Diptera: Tabanidae), vectors of Loa loa (Filaroidea: Onchocercidae) filariasis","volume":"28","author":"Caubere","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00863-9","article-title":"Phenolic antioxidants in wood smoke","volume":"277","author":"Kj\u00e4llstrand","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(50)90070-8","article-title":"The problem of loiasis in West Africa with special reference to recent investigations at Kumba in the British Cameroons and at Sapele in Southern Nigeria","volume":"44","author":"Gordon","year":"1950","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0395","first-page":"98","article-title":"A brief review of recent advances in our knowledge of loiasis and of some of the still outstanding problems. In Symposium on Loiasis","volume":"49","author":"Gordon","year":"1955","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0400","series-title":"Global Vector Control Response 2017\u20132030","first-page":"64","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000412","article-title":"Some lessons for the future from the Global Malaria Eradication Programme (1955\u20131969)","volume":"8","author":"N\u00e1jera","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i27","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihx066","article-title":"Refocusing vector assessment towards the elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa: a review of the current status in selected countries","volume":"10","author":"Boakye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101329","article-title":"'Slash and clear', a community-based vector control method to reduce onchocerciasis transmission by Simulium sirbanum in Maridi, South Sudan: a prospective study","volume":"10","author":"Raimon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.12933.2","article-title":"Implementing a community vector collection strategy for monitoring vector-borne diseases in Ghana","volume":"3","author":"Boakye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gates Open Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-225","article-title":"A cost-effective, community-based, mosquito-trapping scheme that captures spatial and temporal heterogeneities of malaria transmission in rural Zambia","volume":"13","author":"Sikaala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0430","first-page":"41","article-title":"Community implementation of human landing and non-human landing collection methods for Wuchereria bancrofti vectors","volume":"13","author":"Sawadogo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Vector Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3260-3","article-title":"Implementing a community vector collection strategy using xenomonitoring for the endgame of lymphatic filariasis elimination","volume":"11","author":"Pi-Bansa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002342","article-title":"Validation of a remote sensing model to identify Simulium damnosum s.l. breeding sites in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"7","author":"Jacob","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.01282","article-title":"Genomic epidemiology in filarial nematodes: transforming the basis for elimination program decisions","volume":"10","author":"Hedtke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.06.008","article-title":"The current status of molecular xenomonitoring for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis","volume":"33","author":"Pilotte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15201.1","article-title":"Prediction of mosquito species and population age structure using mid-infrared spectroscopy and supervised machine learning","volume":"4","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2822-y","article-title":"Using mid-infrared spectroscopy and supervised machine-learning to identify vertebrate blood meals in the malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis","volume":"18","author":"Mwanga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/30.5.831","article-title":"Development of baits for tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Zimbabwe","volume":"30","author":"Vale","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0470","series-title":"Community-based Health Care, Including Outreach and Campaigns, in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Interim Guidance","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000474","article-title":"Improving the cost-effectiveness of artificial visual baits for controlling the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes","volume":"3","author":"Lindh","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000435","article-title":"Prospects for developing odour baits to control Glossina fuscipes spp., the major vector of human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"3","author":"Omolo","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000632","article-title":"Prospects for the development of odour baits to control the tsetse flies Glossina tachinoides and G. palpalis s.l","volume":"4","author":"Rayaisse","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003822","article-title":"Tsetse control and Gambian sleeping sickness; implications for control strategy","volume":"9","author":"Tirados","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.12.010","article-title":"Know your foe: lessons from the analysis of tsetse fly behaviour","volume":"31","author":"Torr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300031084","article-title":"New field methods for studying the responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to hosts","volume":"64","author":"Vale","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00061.x","article-title":"\u2018Anemotactic\u2019 flight paths of tsetse flies in relation to host odour: a preliminary video study in nature of the response to loss of odour","volume":"10","author":"Gibson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Physiol. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3032.1989.tb01100.x","article-title":"The host-orientated behaviour of tsetse flies (Glossina): the interaction of visual and olfactory stimuli","volume":"14","author":"Torr","year":"1989","journal-title":"Physiol. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300035860","article-title":"The responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to mobile and stationary baits","volume":"64","author":"Vale","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2011.00947.x","article-title":"Responses of tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans and Glossina pallidipes, to baits of various size","volume":"25","author":"Torr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300034295","article-title":"Catches of tsetse (Glossina spp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae) from traps and targets baited with large doses of natural and synthetic host odour","volume":"85","author":"Hargrove","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.02.006","article-title":"Nodding syndrome research revisited","volume":"104","author":"Vieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i71","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihx039","article-title":"Progress toward elimination of onchocerciasis in the Americas","volume":"10","author":"Sauerbrey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001332","article-title":"Towards an optimal design of target for tsetse control: comparisons of novel targets for the control of palpalis group tsetse in West Africa","volume":"5","author":"Rayaisse","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."}],"container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492222000605?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492222000605?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T07:38:44Z","timestamp":1761464324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471492222000605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471492222000605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4922","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vector control and entomological capacity for onchocerciasis elimination","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2022.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}