{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T21:04:12Z","timestamp":1779743052280,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI130379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI130379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007812","name":"University of Washington","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007812","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK134410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK134410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T04:28:57Z","timestamp":1776140937000},"page":"377-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Environmental factors that regulate host\u2013helminth interactions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6128-5204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Y.","family":"Helm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8907-369X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tighe","family":"Christopher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8370-1915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Lopez Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8270-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Santillano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2822-296X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elia D.","family":"Tait Wojno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-021-00443-1","article-title":"Enteric neuroimmune interactions coordinate intestinal responses in health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-022-07697-z","article-title":"Iron deficiency and soil-transmitted helminth infection: classic and neglected connections","volume":"121","author":"Ellwanger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.13015","article-title":"Zinc status or supplementation and its relation to soil-transmitted helminthiasis in children: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Iqbal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122815","article-title":"Exposure to environmental (chemical and biological) hazards and children undernutrition: a scoping review","volume":"286","author":"Bede-Ojimadu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu211","article-title":"Childhood malnutrition and parasitic helminth interactions","volume":"59","author":"Papier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0030","article-title":"Supplemented nutrition decreases helminth burden and increases drug efficacy in a natural host-helminth system","volume":"288","author":"Sweeny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2016.0189","article-title":"Effects of protein malnutrition on tolerance to helminth infection","volume":"12","author":"Clough","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02603-23","article-title":"Diet composition drives tissue-specific intensity of murine enteric infections","volume":"15","author":"Israelson","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901149","article-title":"Fermentable dietary fiber promotes helminth infection and exacerbates host inflammatory responses","volume":"204","author":"Myhill","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05380-y","article-title":"Inulin fibre promotes microbiota-derived bile acids and type 2 inflammation","volume":"611","author":"Arifuzzaman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247606","article-title":"Adaptation of innate lymphoid cells to a micronutrient deficiency promotes type 2 barrier immunity","volume":"343","author":"Spencer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4495","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.9.4495","article-title":"Vitamin A enhances in vitro Th2 development via retinoid X receptor pathway","volume":"168","author":"Stephensen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0065","first-page":"581","article-title":"Aberrant T-cell function in vitro and impaired T-cell dependent antibody response in vivo in vitamin A-deficient rats","volume":"80","author":"Wiedermann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151448","article-title":"Critical role of fatty acid metabolism in ILC2-mediated barrier protection during malnutrition and helminth infection","volume":"213","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24634-3","article-title":"Micronutrients deficiencies and its correlation with the soil-transmitted helminthic infections among children and non-pregnant women in Nepal: findings from Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey","volume":"12","author":"Mehata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.11.007","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminthiasis and vitamin A deficiency: two problems, one policy","volume":"32","author":"Strunz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.5.1412S","article-title":"Zinc deficiency impairs immune responses against parasitic nematode infections at intestinal and systemic sites","volume":"130","author":"Scott","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008066","article-title":"Linking the effects of helminth infection, diet and the gut microbiota with human whole-blood signatures","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.10.2527","article-title":"Hookworms, malaria and vitamin A deficiency contribute to anemia and iron deficiency among pregnant women in the plains of Nepal","volume":"130","author":"Dreyfuss","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.24-0384","article-title":"Investigating environmental determinants of hookworm transmission using GPS tracking and metagenomics technologies","volume":"112","author":"Sumboh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009466","article-title":"Environmental characteristics around the household and their association with hookworm infection in rural communities from Bahir Dar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"Anegagrie","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0110","first-page":"451","article-title":"Environmental risk factors and hookworm infection among schoolchildren in rural areas of Indonesia","volume":"10","author":"Sedionoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109381","article-title":"Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A increases in the adulthood of the offspring the susceptibility to the human parasite Toxocara canis","volume":"184","author":"Del R\u00edo-Araiza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12733","article-title":"Bisphenol A induces protection through modulation of the immune response against the helminth parasite Taenia crassiceps","volume":"42","author":"Nava-Castro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2021","article-title":"Trained immunity: adaptation within innate immune mechanisms","volume":"103","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Andr\u00e9s","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-025-01171-y","article-title":"Trained immunity: induction of an inflammatory memory in disease","volume":"35","author":"Schl\u00fcter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.04.006","article-title":"Trained immunity: a memory for innate host defense","volume":"9","author":"Netea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.12.777","article-title":"Helminth infections and allergic diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis of the global literature","volume":"149","author":"Arrais","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3390\/allergies4020006","article-title":"Structural insights on cross-reactivity of mite allergens with helminth proteins","volume":"4","author":"Lisboa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009337","article-title":"House dust mite sensitization drives cross-reactive immune responses to homologous helminth proteins","volume":"17","author":"Gazzinelli-Guimaraes","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae026","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of innate immune dynamics during inflammation","volume":"115","author":"Caldwell","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2022.155919","article-title":"Antigens from the parasitic nematode Trichuris suis induce metabolic reprogramming and trained immunity to constrain inflammatory responses in macrophages","volume":"156","author":"Zakeri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01109","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory trained immunity mediated by helminth products attenuates the induction of T cell-mediated autoimmune disease","volume":"10","author":"Quinn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adl1467","article-title":"A helminth enzyme subverts macrophage-mediated immunity by epigenetic targeting of prostaglandin synthesis","volume":"9","author":"Bohnacker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013198","article-title":"Characterization and ligand binding properties of a fatty acid- and retinol- binding protein (Hp-FAR-2) from Heligmosomoides polygyrus","volume":"19","author":"Azizpor","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001225","article-title":"Helminth imprinting of hematopoietic stem cells sustains anti-inflammatory trained innate immunity that attenuates autoimmune disease","volume":"206","author":"Cunningham","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.06.017","article-title":"Allergen-experienced group 2 innate lymphoid cells acquire memory-like properties and enhance allergic lung inflammation","volume":"45","author":"Martinez-Gonzalez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.08.017","article-title":"IL-25-induced memory type 2 innate lymphoid cells enforce mucosal immunity","volume":"188","author":"Cortez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20231827","article-title":"Human CD127 negative ILC2s show immunological memory","volume":"221","author":"Math\u00e4","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12221","article-title":"Macrophage proliferation, provenance, and plasticity in macroparasite infection","volume":"262","author":"R\u00fcckerl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.10.004","article-title":"Enteric pathogens induce tissue tolerance and prevent neuronal loss from subsequent infections","volume":"184","author":"Ahrends","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.08.006","article-title":"Inflammation-induced epigenetic imprinting regulates intestinal stem cells","volume":"31","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0449-8","article-title":"Allergic inflammatory memory in human respiratory epithelial progenitor cells","volume":"560","author":"Ordovas-Montanes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0220","article-title":"Sensory neuronal mTORC1 signaling establishes neuroimmune memory that initiates allergic immunity","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf3002","article-title":"Prenatal maternal infection promotes tissue-specific immunity and inflammation in offspring","volume":"373","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100708","article-title":"Altered offspring immunity in maternal parasitic infections","volume":"208","author":"Gibbs","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60865-2","article-title":"Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, promotes synaptic plasticity, and improves resistance to direct infection in offspring","volume":"14","author":"Noel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114365","article-title":"Prenatal inflammation remodels lung immunity and function by programming ILC2 hyperactivation","volume":"43","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adr3545","article-title":"Regional encoding of enteric nervous system responses to microbiota and type 2 inflammation","volume":"390","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.023","article-title":"Tuft cell-derived acetylcholine promotes epithelial chloride secretion and intestinal helminth clearance","volume":"57","author":"Billipp","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.893844","article-title":"Differential regulation of allergic airway inflammation by acetylcholine","volume":"13","author":"Roberts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.05.011","article-title":"The enteric network: interactions between the immune and nervous systems of the gut","volume":"46","author":"Yoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2039-9","article-title":"Feeding-dependent VIP neuron-ILC3 circuit regulates the intestinal barrier","volume":"579","author":"Talbot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.02.024","article-title":"Inflammatory neuropathies of the enteric nervous system","volume":"126","author":"De Giorgio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3RU0121-023R","article-title":"Neuroimmune regulatory networks of the airway mucosa in allergic inflammatory disease","volume":"111","author":"Jean","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.10.001","article-title":"Substance P release by sensory neurons triggers dendritic cell migration and initiates the type-2 immune response to allergens","volume":"53","author":"Perner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0008-2024","article-title":"Neuroimmune recognition and regulation in the respiratory system","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116239","article-title":"The airway-brain axis: connecting breath, brain, and behavior","volume":"44","author":"Blackwell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.113.007823","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor control of adaptive immunity","volume":"65","author":"Quintana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048909","article-title":"Prostaglandin regulation of type 2 inflammation: from basic biology to therapeutic interventions","volume":"51","author":"Oyesola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1089","article-title":"The interplay of type 2 immunity, helminth infection and the microbiota in regulating metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Moyat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.115.064246","article-title":"Indole and tryptophan metabolism: endogenous and dietary routes to Ah receptor activation","volume":"43","author":"Hubbard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1758008","article-title":"Host-microbiome interactions: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a critical node in tryptophan metabolites to brain signaling","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2015.10.002","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: linking environment to immunity","volume":"27","author":"Cella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0395-3","article-title":"New insights into the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a modulator of host responses to infection","volume":"35","author":"Lawrence","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.09.015","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling cell intrinsically inhibits intestinal group 2 innate lymphoid cell function","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0335","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor instructs the immunomodulatory profile of a subset of Clec4a4+ eosinophils unique to the small intestine","volume":"119","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0340","article-title":"Type II alveolar epithelial cell aryl hydrocarbon receptor protects against allergic airway inflammation through controlling cell autophagy","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1994.1043","article-title":"Assessment of host resistance to Trichinella spiralis in mice following preinfection exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD","volume":"125","author":"Luebke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189340","article-title":"Skn-1a\/Pou2f3 functions as a master regulator to generate Trpm5-expressing chemosensory cells in mice","volume":"12","author":"Yamashita","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0355","article-title":"Regulation of the tuft cell-ILC2 circuit in intestinal mucosal immunity","volume":"16","author":"Shang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201010127","article-title":"Distinct ATOH1 and Neurog3 requirements define tuft cells as a new secretory cell type in the intestinal epithelium","volume":"192","author":"Gerbe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16161","article-title":"Tuft-cell-derived IL-25 regulates an intestinal ILC2-epithelial response circuit","volume":"529","author":"von Moltke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf1648","article-title":"Tuft cells, taste-chemosensory cells, orchestrate parasite type 2 immunity in the gut","volume":"351","author":"Howitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.02.005","article-title":"Tuft-cell-derived leukotrienes drive rapid anti-helminth immunity in the small intestine but are dispensable for anti-protist immunity","volume":"52","author":"McGinty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20211140","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial tuft cell induction is negated by a murine helminth and its secreted products","volume":"219","author":"Drurey","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20212311","article-title":"Helminth-induced reprogramming of the stem cell compartment inhibits type 2 immunity","volume":"219","author":"Karo-Atar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-00978-1","article-title":"Tuft cells in the intestine, immunity and beyond","volume":"21","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.05.014","article-title":"A metabolite-triggered tuft cell-ILC2 circuit drives small intestinal remodeling","volume":"174","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20202178","article-title":"PGD2 and CRTH2 counteract Type 2 cytokine-elicited intestinal epithelial responses during helminth infection","volume":"218","author":"Oyesola","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003_bb2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01862-5","article-title":"Genetic and environmental interactions contribute to immune variation in rewilded mice","volume":"25","author":"Oyesola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Trends in Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492226000516?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1471492226000516?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T20:35:21Z","timestamp":1779741321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1471492226000516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471492226000516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-4922"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-4922","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Environmental factors that regulate host\u2013helminth interactions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Trends in Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2026.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}