{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T11:53:09Z","timestamp":1777031589613,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008121","name":"Ministry of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008121","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physical Therapy in Sport"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T10:16:08Z","timestamp":1751537768000},"page":"15-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Does chronic ankle instability involve independent factors? A factor analysis on the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool in infantry soldiers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8238-9539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Shenhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0572-5495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gali","family":"Dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aharon","family":"Finestone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9536-8729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy","family":"Witchalls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Waddington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaakov","family":"Fixler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3433-9120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nili","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2024.07.004","article-title":"Task-specific differences in lower limb biomechanics during dynamic movements in individuals with chronic ankle instability compared with controls","volume":"113","author":"Altun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib2","first-page":"233","article-title":"Low-load eversion force sense, self-reported ankle instability, and frequency of giving way","volume":"41","author":"Arnold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib3","article-title":"EBK-means: A clustering technique based on elbow method and k-means in WSN","volume":"105","author":"Bholowalia","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Application"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib4","article-title":"Is kinesio taping effective for sport performance and ankle function of athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI)? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Biz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.10.005","article-title":"Rehabilitation exercises reduce reinjury post ankle sprain, but the content and parameters of an optimal exercise program have yet to be established: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Bleakley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib6","article-title":"Is achilles tendon structure associated with functional ability and chronic ankle instability in military recruits?","volume":"74","author":"Dar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098885","article-title":"Clinical assessment of acute lateral ankle sprain injuries (ROAST): 2019 consensus statement and recommendations of the international ankle consortium","volume":"52","author":"Delahunt","year":"2018","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200605000-00003","article-title":"Postural control deficits in participants with functional ankle instability as measured by the balance error scoring system","volume":"16","author":"Docherty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31824a5761","article-title":"The multiple hop test: A discriminative or evaluative instrument for chronic ankle instability?","volume":"22","author":"Eechaute","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024338","article-title":"Effect size estimates: Current use, calculations, and interpretation","volume":"141","author":"Fritz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092626","article-title":"Mechanical instability destabilises the ankle joint directly in the ankle-sprain mechanism","volume":"48","author":"Gehring","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.0303","article-title":"Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: A position statement of the international ankle consortium","volume":"43","author":"Gribble","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/842804","article-title":"The role of ankle proprioception for balance control in relation to sports performance and injury","volume":"2015","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2024.102089","article-title":"Gait kinematics and kinetics in patients with chronic ankle instability and healthy controls: A statistical parametric mapping analysis","volume":"59","author":"Herb","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Foot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-344-18","article-title":"An updated model of chronic ankle instability","volume":"54","author":"Hertel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-46.2.133","article-title":"Chronic ankle instability: Evolution of the model","volume":"46","author":"Hiller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.05.022","article-title":"The cumberland ankle instability tool: A report of validity and reliability testing","volume":"87","author":"Hiller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182a6a93b","article-title":"Peroneal reaction time after ankle sprain: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Hoch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib19","article-title":"Structural and organizational strategies of locomotor modules during landing in patients with chronic ankle instability","volume":"11","author":"Jie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738115623775","article-title":"Intrinsic risk factors of lateral ankle sprain: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001066","article-title":"Potential corticomotor plasticity in those with and without chronic ankle instability","volume":"49","author":"Kosik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2018.03.002","article-title":"Association between cumberland ankle instability tool score and postural stability in collegiate soccer players with and without functional ankle instability","volume":"32","author":"Kunugi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physical Therapy in Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002170","article-title":"Ankle coordination in chronic ankle instability, coper, and control groups in running","volume":"52","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079101200105","article-title":"Risk factors for lateral ankle sprain: A prospective study among military recruits","volume":"12","author":"Milgrom","year":"1991","journal-title":"Foot & Ankle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155211022009","article-title":"Effects of balance training on functionality, ankle instability, and dynamic balance outcomes in people with chronic ankle instability: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Molla-Casanova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S216","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001037","article-title":"Executive summary from the national strength and conditioning association's second blue ribbon panel on military physical readiness: Military physical performance testing","volume":"29","author":"Nindl","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.27912","article-title":"Fractures and chronic recurrence are commonly associated with ankle sprains: A 5-year population-level cohort of patients seen in the U.S. military health system","volume":"16","author":"Rhon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00222","article-title":"Y-balance test: A reliability study involving multiple raters","volume":"178","author":"Shaffer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Military Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3928\/19425864-20200821-01","article-title":"Laboratory- and clinician-oriented measures of sensory organization strategies in those with and without chronic ankle instability","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Athletic Training & Sports Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2022.111339","article-title":"Heightened tone and stiffness with concurrent lowered elasticity of peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles in athletes with chronic ankle instability as measured by myotonometry","volume":"144","author":"Stefaniak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004053","article-title":"Injury prevention exercises for reduced incidence of injuries in combat soldiers","volume":"35","author":"Steinberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ankle sprains in Male Israeli infantry soldiers during training: Prevalence and risk factors","volume":"0","author":"Steinberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0564.22","article-title":"Chronic ankle instability and neuromuscular performance in prerecruitment infantry soldiers","volume":"59","author":"Steinberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-148-03-03","article-title":"Sports and training injuries in British soldiers: The Colchester garrison sports injury and rehabilitation centre","volume":"148","author":"Strowbridge","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2020.1780098","article-title":"Factors associated with musculoskeletal injuries in an infantry commanders course","volume":"49","author":"Svorai Band","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Physician and Sportsmedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(14)60335-4","article-title":"Discrimination of active plantarflexion and inversion movements after ankle injury","volume":"45","author":"Waddington","year":"1999","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib37","article-title":"Ankle inversion proprioception measured during stair descent can identify chronic ankle instability","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509350757","article-title":"Epidemiology of ankle sprain at the United States military academy","volume":"38","author":"Waterman","year":"2010","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.2.136","article-title":"Discriminating between copers and people with chronic ankle instability","volume":"47","author":"Wikstrom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090137","article-title":"Intrinsic functional deficits associated with increased risk of ankle injuries: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Witchalls","year":"2012","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2012.05.018","article-title":"Functional performance deficits associated with ligamentous instability at the ankle","volume":"16","author":"Witchalls","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.04.016","article-title":"Self-reported chronic ankle instability effects on the development of fitness during an infantry commanders course","volume":"24","author":"Witchalls","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.6.12","article-title":"Ankle instability effects on joint position sense when stepping across the active movement extent discrimination apparatus","volume":"47","author":"Witchalls","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.984841","article-title":"Regional brain atrophy in patients with chronic ankle instability: A voxel-based morphometry study","volume":"16","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14725","article-title":"Gray matter volumes mediate the relationship between disease duration and balance control performance in chronic ankle instability","volume":"34","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2022.05.003","article-title":"Impaired corticospinal tract in chronic ankle instability: A diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) study at 7.0 tesla","volume":"25","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.09.014","article-title":"Chronic ankle instability is associated with proprioception deficits: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2019-001312","article-title":"Incidence of injuries and factors related to injuries in combat soldiers","volume":"167","author":"Yavnai","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Mil Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2021.1954237","article-title":"Differences in the locomotion biomechanics and dynamic postural control between individuals with chronic ankle instability and copers: A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Biomechanics"}],"container-title":["Physical Therapy in Sport"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1466853X25000902?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1466853X25000902?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T11:30:53Z","timestamp":1777030253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1466853X25000902"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S1466853X25000902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1466-853X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1466-853X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Does chronic ankle instability involve independent factors? A factor analysis on the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool in infantry soldiers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physical Therapy in Sport","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2025.06.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}