{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:37:59Z","timestamp":1792712279732,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physical Therapy in Sport"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T06:59:38Z","timestamp":1783407578000},"page":"101953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Heterogeneity of quadriceps muscles atrophy following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A longitudinal MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Kate B.","family":"Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamera N.","family":"Mistry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0954-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Lyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"John M.","family":"Popovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace M.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6047-3967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5109-3655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang-Ching","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Rehabilitation for patients following ACL reconstruction: A knee symmetry model","volume":"4","author":"Biggs","year":"2009","journal-title":"North America Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24489","article-title":"Quadriceps muscle size following ACL injury and reconstruction: A systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Birchmeier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381211056873","article-title":"ACL reconstruction rehabilitation: Clinical data, biologic healing, and criterion-based milestones to inform a return-To-sport guideline","volume":"14","author":"Brinlee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099982","article-title":"Which criteria are used to clear patients to return to sport after primary ACL reconstruction? A scoping review","volume":"53","author":"Burgi","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02251-6","article-title":"Dose atrophy of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis exist in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096031","article-title":"Simple decision rules can reduce reinjury risk by 84% after ACL reconstruction: The Delaware-Oslo ACL cohort study","volume":"50","author":"Grindem","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181cf749f","article-title":"The effect of closed-kinetic chain exercises and open-kinetic chain exercise on the muscle activity of vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis","volume":"24","author":"Irish","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2006.00619.x","article-title":"Relationship between quadriceps femoris muscle volume and muscle torque after anterior cruciate ligament repair","volume":"17","author":"Konishi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2011.01332.x","article-title":"Relationship between quadriceps femoris muscle volume and muscle torque at least 18 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"22","author":"Konishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1324-9","article-title":"Relationship between quadriceps femoris muscle volume and muscle torque after anterior cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"19","author":"Konishi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095908","article-title":"Likelihood of ACL graft rupture: Not meeting six clinical discharge criteria before return to sport is associated with a four times greater risk of rupture","volume":"50","author":"Kyritsis","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2022.91","article-title":"Early superimposed NMES training is effective to improve strength and function following ACL reconstruction with hamstring graft regardless of Tendon regeneration","volume":"21","author":"Labanca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2021.03.003","article-title":"Age, rehabilitation and surgery characteristics are re-injury risk factors for adolescents following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"49","author":"Law","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physical Therapy in Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-019-05499-x","article-title":"Quadriceps muscle function following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Systemic differences in neural and morphological characteristics","volume":"237","author":"Lepley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738118822739","article-title":"Quadriceps strength and volitional activation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Lisee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0186.21","article-title":"Associations of strength and spatiotemporal gait variables with knee loading during gait after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"57","author":"Lyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24777","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative MR-imaging assessment of vastus medialis muscle volume loss in asymptomatic patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"42","author":"Marcon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12277","article-title":"Selective hypertrophy of the quadriceps musculature after 14 weeks of isokinetic and conventional resistance training","volume":"37","author":"Matta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2016-0141","article-title":"MRI-based assessment of lower-extremity muscle volumes in patients before and after ACL reconstruction","volume":"27","author":"Norte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.5704\/MOJ.2303.003","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes between all-inside single-bundle and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A retrospective study","volume":"17","author":"Novriansyah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Malaysia Orthopedic Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib21","series-title":"Gait analysis : Normal and pathological function","author":"Perry","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211070542","article-title":"Psychological readiness to return to sport at 6 months is higher after bridge-enhanced ACL restoration than autograft ACL reconstruction: Results of a prospective randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Sanborn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.11.003","article-title":"The lower limb flexion reflex in humans","volume":"77","author":"Sandrini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1990.10475712","article-title":"Multiple comparison procedures: The practical solution","volume":"44","author":"Saville","year":"1990","journal-title":"The American Statistician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/09593980802686953","article-title":"Can vastus medialis oblique be preferentially activated? A systematic review of electromyographic studies","volume":"25","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2014.12.009","article-title":"Muscle atrophy contributes to quadriceps weakness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"19","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520933622","article-title":"Utility of neuromuscular electrical stimulation to preserve quadriceps muscle fiber size and contractility after anterior cruciate ligament injuries and reconstruction: A randomized, Sham-controlled, blinded trial","volume":"48","author":"Toth","year":"2020","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31822dfdb3","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging-measured muscle parameters improved knee moment prediction of an EMG-driven model","volume":"44","author":"Tsai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-06906-7","article-title":"Time, graft, sex, geographic location, and isokinetic speed influence the degree of quadriceps weakness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Tsai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095898","article-title":"Evidence-based clinical practice update: Practice guidelines for anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation based on a systematic review and multidisciplinary consensus","volume":"50","author":"van Melick","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12318","article-title":"Inter- and intramuscular differences in training-induced hypertrophy of the quadriceps femoris: Association with muscle activation during the first training session","volume":"37","author":"Wakahara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0594-8","article-title":"Are current measurements of lower extremity muscle architecture accurate?","volume":"467","author":"Ward","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7285","article-title":"Limb symmetry indexes can overestimate knee function after anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"47","author":"Wellsandt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.05.043","article-title":"International knee documentation committee knee survey use after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A 2005-2012 systematic review and world region comparison","volume":"30","author":"Wera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25910","article-title":"Beyond weakness: Exploring intramuscular fat and quadriceps atrophy in ACLR recovery","volume":"42","author":"White","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib36","first-page":"843","article-title":"[Measurement and evaluation of the quadriceps muscle mass in young men based on magnetic resonance imaging]","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953_bib37","article-title":"Long-Term bilateral neuromuscular function and knee osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"10","author":"Zandiyeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Physical Therapy in Sport"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1466853X2600074X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1466853X2600074X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:44:25Z","timestamp":1792709065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1466853X2600074X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1466853X2600074X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953","relation":{},"ISSN":["1466-853X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1466-853X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Heterogeneity of quadriceps muscles atrophy following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A longitudinal MRI study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physical Therapy in Sport","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2026.101953","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101953"}}