{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:55:48Z","timestamp":1791838548216,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01DA028532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA028532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01DA038886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DA038886"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOP\u2013102742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP\u2013102742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MSFHR\/St. Paul's Hospital Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","publichealthjrnl.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,3]],"date-time":"2015-10-03T10:28:52Z","timestamp":1443868132000},"page":"1662-1668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Aboriginal street-involved youth experience elevated risk of incarceration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Barker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.T.","family":"Alfred","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"DeBeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.012809.102551","article-title":"Incarceration and stratification","volume":"36","author":"Wakefield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Sociol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801956157","article-title":"Incarceration experiences in a cohort of active injection drug users","volume":"27","author":"Milloy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2004.tb00629.x","article-title":"Risk of death in prisoners after release from jail","volume":"28","author":"Stewart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650704800202","article-title":"Enduring Stigma: the long-term effects of incarceration on health","volume":"48","author":"Schnittker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732312461452","article-title":"The impact of incarceration on women's mental health: responses from women in a maximum-security prison","volume":"23","author":"Harner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qual health Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1353\/foc.2010.0006","article-title":"Incarceration in fragile families","volume":"20","author":"Wildeman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Future Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.2.170","article-title":"Jail incarceration, homelessness, and mental health: a national study","volume":"59","author":"Greenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.056325","article-title":"Coming home from jail: the social and health consequences of community reentry for women, male adolescents, and their families and communities","volume":"95","author":"Freudenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1086\/374403","article-title":"The mark of a criminal record","volume":"108","author":"Pager","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sociol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.01.007","article-title":"The impact of incarceration on juvenile offenders","volume":"33","author":"Lambie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.58.12.1009","article-title":"Less guilty by reason of adolescence: developmental immaturity, diminished responsibility, and the juvenile death penalty","volume":"58","author":"Steinberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204003260045","article-title":"Reentry of young offenders from the JUSTICE system: a developmental perspective","volume":"2","author":"Steinberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Youth Violence Juv Justice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2007.08.002","article-title":"A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking","volume":"28","author":"Steinberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128707307227","article-title":"Testing incapacitation theory: youth crime and incarceration in California","volume":"56","author":"Stahlkopf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crime Delinquency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of residential placement on aggregate delinquency: a state-level panel study, 1997\u20132011","author":"Dawkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crim Justice Policy Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3138\/cjccj.45.2.211","article-title":"The incarceration of aboriginal offenders: trends from 1978-2001","volume":"45","author":"Roberts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J Criminol Crim Justice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib17","first-page":"4","article-title":"The incarceration of Aboriginal people in adult correctional services","volume":"29","author":"Perreault","year":"2009","journal-title":"Juristat Can Centre Justice Stat"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6237.2010.00749.x","article-title":"Ideology, diversity, and imprisonment: considering the influence of local politics on racial and ethnic minority incarceration rates","volume":"91","author":"Percival","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Sci Q"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00357.x","article-title":"Aboriginal incarceration: health and social impacts","volume":"184","author":"Krieg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5820\/aian.1303.2006.1","article-title":"American Indian\/Alaska native alcohol-related incarceration and treatment","volume":"13","author":"Feldstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Indian Alaska Native Ment Health Res J Natl Cent"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib21","first-page":"179","article-title":"Addressing the overrepresentation of the Maori in New Zealand's criminal justice system at the sentencing stage: how Australia can provide a model for change","volume":"20","author":"Hess","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pac Rim Law Policy J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib22","series-title":"Adult correctional statistics in Canada, 2010\/2011","author":"Dauvergne","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib23","series-title":"Aboriginal offenders \u2013 a critical situation","author":"Office of the Correctional Investigator","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.10.010","article-title":"Incarceration among street-involved youth in a Canadian study: implications for health and policy interventions","volume":"25","author":"Omura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-3-18","article-title":"Evaluating methamphetamine use and risks of injection initiation among street youth: the ARYS study","volume":"3","author":"Wood","year":"2006","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models","volume":"73","author":"Liang","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/2531248","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes","volume":"42","author":"Zeger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00528.x","article-title":"GEE with Gaussian estimation of the correlations when data are incomplete","volume":"56","author":"Lipsitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116813","article-title":"Simulation study of confounder-selection strategies","volume":"138","author":"Maldonado","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2008.12.005","article-title":"Homelessness and unstable housing associated with an increased risk of HIV and STI transmission among\u00a0street-involved youth","volume":"15","author":"Marshall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-4-17","article-title":"Methamphetamine use and rates of incarceration among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"4","author":"Milloy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32811ebf57","article-title":"The effect of adherence on the association between depressive symptoms and mortality among HIV-infected individuals first initiating HAART","volume":"21","author":"Lima","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.05.024","article-title":"Quantifying the effect of health status on health care utilization using a preference-based health measure","volume":"60","author":"Lima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Victimization and offending among the Aboriginal population in Canada","volume":"26","author":"Brzozowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Juristat Can Centre Justice Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib35","first-page":"33","article-title":"Violent victimization of Aboriginal people in the Canadian provinces, 2009","author":"Perreault","year":"2011","journal-title":"Juristat Can Centre Justice Stat"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1057\/cpcs.2009.23","article-title":"Canadian Aboriginal peoples victimization, offending and its prevention: gathering the evidence","volume":"12","author":"Monchalin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crime Prev Community Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/1473225413520361","article-title":"Policy issues regarding the overrepresentation of incarcerated aboriginal young offenders in a Canadian context","volume":"14","author":"Corrado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Youth Justice"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X11000130","article-title":"Structural racism and health inequities","volume":"8","author":"Gee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Du Bois Rev Soc Sci Res Race"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/1527154411429198","article-title":"Public policy analysis to redress urban environmental health inequities","volume":"12","author":"Chircop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Policy Polit Nurs Pract"},{"issue":"9464","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74234-3","article-title":"Social determinants of health inequalities","volume":"365","author":"Marmot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/1362480611436360","article-title":"Re-imagining youth justice: cultural contestation in the Kimberley region of Australia since the 1991 Royal Commission into Aboriginal deaths in Custody","volume":"16","author":"Blagg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theor Criminol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bcl335","article-title":"Painting the prison \u2018Red\u2019: constructing and experiencing aboriginal identities in prison","volume":"38","author":"Martel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Soc Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/1362480608100173","article-title":"Desistance and social marginalization: the case of Canadian Aboriginal offenders","volume":"13","author":"Bracken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theor Criminol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib44","series-title":"Conflict, politics and crime: aboriginal communities and the police","author":"Cunneen","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib45","series-title":"Healing traditions: the mental health of Aboriginal peoples in Canada","author":"Kirmayer","year":"2009"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.04.009","article-title":"The Cedar project: impacts of policing among young Aboriginal people who use injection and non-injection drugs in British Columbia, Canada","volume":"24","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/15614263.2012.754127","article-title":"Aboriginal policing: a Canadian perspective","volume":"15","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Police Pract Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib48","series-title":"Aboriginal peoples and the criminal justice system","author":"Rudin","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/10345329.2008.12056186","article-title":"Changing the neo-colonial impacts of juvenile justice","volume":"20","author":"Cunneen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Issues Crim Justice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Social policy report: evidence-based interventions for juvenile offenders and juvenile justice policies that support them","volume":"25","author":"Henggeler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Shar Child Youth Dev Knowl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1080\/01944360108976357","article-title":"Planner's notebook: community policing and planning","volume":"67","author":"Rohe","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Plan Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1038-5282.2003.02010.x","article-title":"Healing traditions: culture, community and mental health promotion with Canadian Aboriginal peoples","volume":"11","author":"Kirmayer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Australas Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib53","series-title":"Was\u00e1se: indigenous pathways of action and freedom","author":"Alfred","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003_bib54","series-title":"Peace, power, righteousness: an indigenous manifesto","author":"Alfred","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350615003054?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350615003054?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T01:13:26Z","timestamp":1599614006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033350615003054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033350615003054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3506","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Aboriginal street-involved youth experience elevated risk of incarceration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}