{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:15:43Z","timestamp":1792653343287,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","publichealthjrnl.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]],"date-time":"2016-09-15T19:46:21Z","timestamp":1473968781000},"page":"121-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Physical, mental and social consequences in civilians who have experienced war-related sexual violence: a systematic review (1981\u20132014)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Ba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.S.","family":"Bhopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1177\/0022343314542076","article-title":"Armed conflicts, 1946\u20132013","volume":"51","author":"Themn\u00e9r","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Peace Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055413000221","article-title":"Explaining rape during civil war: Cross-National Evidence (1980\u20132009)","volume":"107","author":"Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Polit Sci Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib3","series-title":"The war within the war: sexual violence against women and girls in Eastern Congo","author":"Human Rights Watch","year":"2002"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wsif.2004.09.001","article-title":"On the battlefield of women's bodies: an overview of the harm of war to women","volume":"27","author":"Hynes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Womens Stud Int Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib5","series-title":"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Article 7(2), ICC Element of Crimes (n 85)","author":"United Nations","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib6","series-title":"Resolution 1820","author":"United Nations Security Council","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/17441690903212065","article-title":"Battles on women's bodies: war, rape and traumatisation in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"6","author":"Trenholm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glob Public Heal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Longombe AO, Claude KM, Ruminjo J. Fistula and traumatic genital injury from sexual violence in a conflict setting in Eastern Congo: case studies. Reprod Health Matters. 16(31):132\u2013141. http:\/\/ovidsp.ovid.com\/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=18513615.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(08)31350-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/0967010606064139","article-title":"Recognizing gender-based violence against civilian men and boys in conflict situations","volume":"37","author":"Carpenter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Secur Dialogue"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-7-16","article-title":"Sexual and gender-based violence in areas of armed conflict: a systematic review of mental health and psychosocial support interventions","volume":"7","author":"Tol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Confl Heal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib11","series-title":"Sexual violence against women and girls in war and its aftermath: realities, responses, and required resources","author":"Ward","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.4.513","article-title":"Prevalence of war-related sexual violence and other human rights abuses among internally displaced persons in Sierra Leone","volume":"287","author":"Amowitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib13","first-page":"iii93","article-title":"Sexual violence and conflict in Africa: prevalence and potential impact on HIV incidence","volume":"86","author":"Watts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1086","article-title":"Association of sexual violence and human rights violations with physical and mental health in territories of the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"304","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib15","series-title":"Living with fear: a population-based survey on attitudes about peace, justice, and social reconstruction in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo","author":"Vinck","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1001\/dmp.2012.66","article-title":"Demographics and care-seeking behaviors of sexual violence survivors in South Kivu province, Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"6","author":"Bartels","year":"2012","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Women's bodies as a battleground: sexual violence against women and girls during the war in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"2005","author":"Reseau des Femmes pour un Developpement Associatif","year":"1996","journal-title":"South Kivu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-5-25","article-title":"Experiences of female survivors of sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: a mixed-methods study","volume":"5","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib19","series-title":"The use of rape as a weapon of war in the conflict in Darfur, Sudan","first-page":"6","author":"Gingerich","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12085","article-title":"Fistula and other adverse reproductive health outcomes among women victims of conflict-related sexual violence: a population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"41","author":"Dossa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Birth-Issues Perinat Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509334288","article-title":"Mental health consequences in men exposed to sexual abuse during the war in Croatia and Bosnia","volume":"25","author":"Loncar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2012.03066.x","article-title":"Sexual violence in post-conflict Liberia: survivors and their care","volume":"17","author":"Tayler-Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azi041","article-title":"The hidden prevalence of male sexual assault during war \u2013 observations on blunt trauma to the male genitals","volume":"46","author":"Carlson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Criminol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oosterhoff P, Zwanikken P, Ketting E. Sexual torture of men in Croatia and other conflict situations: an open secret. Reprod Health Matters. 12(23):68\u201377. http:\/\/ovidsp.ovid.com\/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15242212.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(04)23115-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib25","article-title":"The prevalence of sexual violence among female refugees in complex humanitarian emergencies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Vu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Curr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838011404252","article-title":"A systematic review of prevalence studies of gender-based violence in complex emergencies","volume":"12","author":"Stark","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spangaro J, Adogu C, Ranmuthugala G, Powell Davies G, Steinacker L, Zwi A. What evidence exists for initiatives to reduce risk and incidence of sexual violence in armed conflict and other humanitarian crises? A systematic review. PLoS One [Electronic Resour]. 8(5):e62600. http:\/\/ovidsp.ovid.com\/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23690945.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062600"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-015-0047-4","article-title":"Mechanisms underpinning interventions to reduce sexual violence in armed conflict: a realist-informed systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Spangaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008226","article-title":"Systematic review of the evidence on the effectiveness of sexual and reproductive health interventions in humanitarian crises","volume":"5","author":"Warren","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20054","article-title":"Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for survivors of sexual and gender-based violence during armed conflict: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Tol","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/iht009","article-title":"Systematic review of prevention and management strategies for the consequences of gender-based violence in refugee settings","volume":"5","author":"Asgary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib32","series-title":"Traumatic gynecologic fistula as a result of sexual violence","author":"Acquire Project","year":"2006"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib34","first-page":"527","article-title":"Ortmann JCN-UO in WR (Not borrowable) 2001. 9. 316. Sexual torture and the treatment of its consequences","volume":"xxiii","author":"Lunde","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006841","article-title":"Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic","volume":"1","author":"Sharp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib36","series-title":"Overview of UCDP data","author":"UCDP","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib37","unstructured":"EpiGear. Meta XL. Barendregt JJ, Doi SA (eds) 2014;Version 2."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib38","series-title":"Proposal: a mixed methods appraisal tool for systematic mixed studies reviews","author":"Pluye","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-4-9","article-title":"Patterns of sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: reports from survivors presenting to Panzi hospital in 2006","volume":"4","author":"Bartels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000204","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000204","article-title":"Rape with extreme violence: the new pathology in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"6","author":"Mukwege","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med\/Public Libr Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.6.676","article-title":"Association of combatant status and sexual violence with health and mental health outcomes in postconflict Liberia","volume":"300","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20631","article-title":"Female dissociative responding to extreme sexual violence in a chronic crisis setting: the case of eastern Congo","volume":"24","author":"Schalinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib43","first-page":"96","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress as seen in post-conflict Liberia","volume":"1","author":"Kinyanda","year":"2010","journal-title":"African J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib44","first-page":"10","article-title":"War related sexual violence and it's medical and psychological consequences as seen in Kitgum, Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study","author":"Kinyanda","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2011.647676","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders and psychosocial correlates of high HIV risk sexual behaviour in war-affected Eastern Uganda","volume":"24","author":"Kinyanda","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib46","first-page":"67","article-title":"Psychological consequences of rape on women in 1991\u20131995 war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina","volume":"47","author":"Loncar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib47","series-title":"Ituri \u201ccivilians still the first victims\u201d permanence of sexual violence and impact of military operations","author":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib48","article-title":"Sexual violence in the protracted conflict of DRC programming for rape survivors in South Kivu","volume":"3","author":"Steiner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib49","first-page":"653","article-title":"Field evaluation and treatment of short-term psycho-medical trauma after sexual assault in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"14","author":"Mankuta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-6-6","article-title":"A Congolese community-based health program for survivors of sexual violence","volume":"6","author":"Kohli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-4458-3-7","article-title":"Evaluation of psychological support for victims of sexual violence in a conflict setting: results from Brazzaville, Congo","volume":"3","author":"Hustache","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-5-2","article-title":"Facing medical care problems of victims of sexual violence in Goma\/Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"5","author":"Baelani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib53","series-title":"War crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina","author":"Human Rights Watch","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kozaric-Kovacic D, Folnegovic-Smalc V, Skrinjaric J, Szajnberg NM, Marusic A. Rape, torture, and traumatization of Bosnian and Croatian women: psychological sequelae. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 65(3):428\u2013433. http:\/\/ovidsp.ovid.com\/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=7485428.","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079656"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frljak A, Cengic S, Hauser M, Schei B. Gynecological complaints and war traumas. A study from Zenica, Bosnia-Herzegovina during the war. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 76(4):350\u2013354. http:\/\/ovidsp.ovid.com\/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9174430.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.1997.tb07991.x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib56","first-page":"93","article-title":"Repercussions psychiatriques et psychologiques immediates","author":"Lebigot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Les traumatismes psychiques"},{"issue":"9421","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16211-9","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress in former Ugandan child soldiers","volume":"363","author":"McKay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01085.x","article-title":"Victim readjustment following assault","volume":"40","author":"Sales","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Soc Issues"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01321431","article-title":"Initial response to rape: the impact of factors within the rape situation","volume":"2","author":"Frank","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Behav Assess"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.6.847","article-title":"Community services for rape survivors: enhancing psychological well-being or increasing trauma?","volume":"67","author":"Campbell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1991.tb05507.x","article-title":"Assault characteristics and posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims","volume":"83","author":"Bownes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2016.1141148","article-title":"Dissociation mediates the association between intimate partner violence and posttraumatic stress among treatment-seeking incarcerated women","volume":"17","author":"DeCou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Trauma Dissociation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031599","article-title":"The relations between posttraumatic stress disorder and persistent dissociation among ex-prisoners of war: a longitudinal study","volume":"6","author":"Zerach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-4-34","article-title":"Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for post-traumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees","volume":"4","author":"Neuner","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019362","article-title":"Spontaneous remission from PTSD depends on the number of traumatic event types experienced","volume":"2","author":"Kolassa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib66","first-page":"11","article-title":"Description and consequences of sexual violence in Ituri province, Democratic Republic of Congo","author":"Duroch","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.07.018","article-title":"Sexual violence-related fistulas in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"103","author":"Onsrud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib68","unstructured":"Henigsberg N, Folnegovic-Smalc V, Moro L. Stressor characteristics and post-traumatic stress disorder symptom dimensions in war victims. Croat Med J. 42(5):543\u2013550. http:\/\/ovidsp.ovid.com\/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=11596171."},{"issue":"5\u20136 Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib69","first-page":"33","article-title":"[Relation between benzodiazepine abuse and trauma]","volume":"57","author":"Bjelosevi\u0107","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Arh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olujic MB. Embodiment of terror: gendered violence in peacetime and wartime in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Med Anthropol Q. 12(1):31\u201350. http:\/\/ovidsp.ovid.com\/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=9527973.","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.1998.12.1.31"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/13623699.2011.645148","article-title":"Impact of sexual violence on children in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"27","author":"Nelson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Confl Surviv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.03.011","article-title":"Childhood trauma and the risk of violence in adulthood in a population with a psychotic illness","volume":"54","author":"Bosqui","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib73","series-title":"The state of the worlds's refugees. A Humanitarian Agenda. Women in war-torn societies","author":"United Nations High Commission for Refugees","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib74","series-title":"Sudan, Darfur: rape as a weapon of war \u2013 sexual violence and its consequences","author":"Amnesty International","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib75","first-page":"1","article-title":"Challenges in aid to rape victims: the case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"4","author":"Bosmans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Essex Hum Rights Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib76","series-title":"The Nigerian Civil War of 1967 and the stigmatisation of children born of rape victims in Edo State","author":"Ikuomola","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib77","first-page":"18","article-title":"Women and girls bearing children through rape in goma, eastern Congo: stigma, health and justice responses","volume":"4","author":"Liebling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Itupale Online J Afr Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inhe.2010.06.003","article-title":"Rape as a strategy of war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"2","author":"Mukwege","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suarez EB. Two decades later: The resilience and post-traumatic responses of Indigenous Quechua girls and adolescents in the aftermath of the Peruvian armed conflict. Child Abuse Negl. 37(2\u20133):200\u2013210. http:\/\/ovidsp.ovid.com\/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23260118.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.09.011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib80","first-page":"14","article-title":"Assessment of reproductive health and violence against women among displaced Syrians in Lebanon","author":"Masterson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bmc Womens Heal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spiric Z, Opacic G, Jovic V, Samardzic R, Knezevic G, Mandic-Gajic G, et\u00a0al [Gender differences in victims of war torture: types of torture and psychological consequences]. Vojnosanit Pregl. 67(5):411\u2013418. http:\/\/ovidsp.ovid.com\/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=20499736.","DOI":"10.2298\/VSP1005411S"}],"container-title":["Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350616301901?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350616301901?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T11:24:26Z","timestamp":1568373866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033350616301901"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["S0033350616301901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3506","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Physical, mental and social consequences in civilians who have experienced war-related sexual violence: a systematic review (1981\u20132014)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.07.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}