{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:32:43Z","timestamp":1788561163526,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","publichealthjrnl.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T07:06:50Z","timestamp":1521529610000},"page":"86-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Spectacles need and ownership among multiethnic students in rural China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"D.-J.","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.-W.","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.1032","article-title":"Global burden of visual impairment and blindness","volume":"130","author":"Bourne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2011.634815","article-title":"An estimation of the worldwide economic and health burden of visual impairment","volume":"7","author":"Gordois","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.041210","article-title":"Global magnitude of visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive errors in 2004","volume":"86","author":"Resnikoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1151","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, and progression of myopia of school children in Hong Kong","volume":"45","author":"Fan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00454-7","article-title":"Refractive error study in children: results from La Florida, Chile","volume":"129","author":"Maul","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078002177.x","article-title":"Myopisation: the refractive tendency in teenagers. Prevalence of myopia among young teenagers in Sweden","volume":"78","author":"Villarreal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2012.00762.x","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive errors among schoolchildren in rural central Ethiopia","volume":"96","author":"Mehari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2011.00633.x","article-title":"Vision and the achievement gap among urban minority youth","volume":"81","author":"Basch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sch Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g5740","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5740","article-title":"Effect of providing free glasses on children's educational outcomes in China: cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"349","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.04.028","article-title":"Impact of severity and bilaterality of visual impairment on health-related quality of life","volume":"113","author":"Varma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.104","article-title":"Myopia, spectacle wear, and risk of bicycle accidents among rural Chinese secondary school students: the Xichang Pediatric Refractive Error Study report no. 7","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.03.002","article-title":"Therapeutic options in the management of sleep disorders in visually impaired children: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.08.020","article-title":"Refractive error and visual impairment in school children in rural southern China","volume":"114","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12273","article-title":"Prevalence of vision impairment and refractive error in school children in Ba Ria \u2013 Vung Tau province","volume":"42","author":"Paudel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vietnam Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16357","article-title":"Ethnic variations in myopia and ocular biometry among adults in a rural community in China: the Yunnan minority eye studies","volume":"56","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.3513","article-title":"Population prevalence of need for spectacles and spectacle ownership among urban migrant children in Eastern China","volume":"133","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135913","article-title":"Ethnic variations in central corneal thickness in a rural population in China: the Yunnan minority eye studies","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib18","series-title":"Rural household survey yearbook","author":"Department of Rural Surveys, National Bureau of Statistics of China","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12287","article-title":"Myopia among school students in rural China (Yunnan)","volume":"36","author":"Qian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.12.1717","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of spectacle nonwear among rural Chinese secondary schoolchildren: the Xichang pediatric refractive error study report 3","volume":"126","author":"Congdon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence and\u00a0risk factors for myopia","volume":"32","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.086","article-title":"Outdoor activity and myopia among primary students in rural and\u00a0urban regions of Beijing","volume":"120","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181940719","article-title":"Prevalence of myopia in urban and rural children in mainland China","volume":"86","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e398","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12299","article-title":"Prevalence of myopia in school children in greater Beijing: the Beijing childhood eye study","volume":"92","author":"You","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580802399094","article-title":"Barriers to spectacle use in Tanzanian secondary school students","volume":"15","author":"Odedra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199308000-00013","article-title":"1% Cyclopentolate hydrochloride: another look at the time course of cycloplegia using an objective measure of the accommodative response","volume":"70","author":"Manny","year":"1993","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12249","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of reduced visual acuity among children aged three to six years in a metropolis in China","volume":"36","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1051","article-title":"Refractive error and visual impairment in urban children in southern China","volume":"45","author":"He","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350617303906?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350617303906?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]],"date-time":"2018-08-23T04:29:01Z","timestamp":1534998541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033350617303906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0033350617303906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3506","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spectacles need and ownership among multiethnic students in rural China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.11.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}