{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:52:39Z","timestamp":1785804759497,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004792","name":"Home Depot","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]],"date-time":"2018-08-22T16:55:54Z","timestamp":1534956954000},"page":"163-171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A national study of Indigenous youth homelessness in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"S.A.","family":"Kidd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Thistle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Beaulieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"O'Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Gaetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib1","series-title":"Coming of age: reimagining our response to youth homelessness in Canada","author":"Gaetz","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib2","series-title":"Runaway\/thrownaway children: national estimates and characteristics","author":"Hammer","year":"2002"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.03.027","article-title":"A longitudinal population-based study of factors in adolescence predicting homelessness in young adulthood","volume":"45","author":"van den Bree","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib4","series-title":"Youth homelessness in Canada","first-page":"217","article-title":"Mental health and youth homelessness: a critical review","author":"Kidd","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.5.569","article-title":"Mortality in a cohort of street youth in Montreal","volume":"292","author":"Roy","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301318","article-title":"Psychopathology in young people experiencing homelessness: a systematic review","volume":"103","author":"Hodgson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Publ Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-015-0424-2","article-title":"A mixed methods study of recently homeless youth efforts to sustain housing and stability","volume":"33","author":"Kidd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Soc Work J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib8","series-title":"The heterogeneity of homeless youth in America: examining typologies","author":"Toro","year":"2011"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743717702076","article-title":"The 2015 national Canadian homeless youth survey: mental health and addiction findings","volume":"62","author":"Kidd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.7202\/1069063ar","article-title":"Home and Native Land\u201d: aboriginal young women and homelessness in the city","volume":"5","author":"Ruttan","year":"2010","journal-title":"First Peoples Child Fam Rev"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E533","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.131465","article-title":"An uncaring state? The overrepresentation of First nations children in the Canadian child welfare system","volume":"186","author":"Barker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.7202\/1069395ar","article-title":"Aboriginal youth talk about structural determinants as the causes of their homelessness","volume":"3","author":"Baskin","year":"2007","journal-title":"First Peoples Child Fam Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib13","series-title":"On our streets and in our shelters: results of the 2005 greater vancouver homeless count","author":"Goldberg","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib14","series-title":"Aboriginal homelessness in Canada: a literature review","author":"Patrick","year":"2014"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.08.003","article-title":"Aboriginal street-involved youth experience elevated risk of incarceration","volume":"129","author":"Barker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Publ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.10.003","article-title":"Individual and structural vulnerability among female youth who exchange sex for survival","volume":"49","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-5-35","article-title":"High prevalence of HIV infection among homeless and street-involved Aboriginal youth in a Canadian setting","volume":"5","author":"Marshall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib18","series-title":"Theoretical and empirical insights into child and family poverty","first-page":"217","article-title":"Young people at risk of lifelong poverty: youth homelessness in Australia","author":"McNamara","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib19","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 census. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/171025\/dq171025a-eng.pdf. Retrieved March 19th, 2018. (Accessed July 13, 2018)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib20","series-title":"A first nation, Metis and Inuit education conference","article-title":"Promising practices in the treatment of Aboriginal youth substance use and concurrent disorders, circle of light 2011","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib21","series-title":"Categories of Indigenous' homelessness' people and good practice responses to their needs","author":"Memmott","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib22","series-title":"Homelessness in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander context and its possible implications for the supported Accommodation Assistance Program","author":"Young","year":"1998"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370004500702","article-title":"The mental health of Aboriginal peoples: transformations of identity and community","volume":"45","author":"Kirmayer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib24","series-title":"Full circle: Canada's First Nations","author":"Steckley","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib25","unstructured":"Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Honouring the truth, reconciling the future: summary of the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. http:\/\/www.trc.ca\/websites\/trcinstitution\/File\/2015\/Findings\/Exec_Summary_2015_05_31_web_o.pdf. Retrieved March 19, 2018. (Accessed July 13, 2018)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.7202\/1082333ar","article-title":"The Indigenous child removal system in Canada: an examination of legal decision-making and racial bias","volume":"11","author":"Sinclair","year":"2016","journal-title":"First Peoples Child Fam Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib27","article-title":"Colonialism as a broader social determinant of health","volume":"2","author":"Czyzewski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Indig Pol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib28","series-title":"Determinants of indigenous peoples' health in Canada","first-page":"3","article-title":"Structural determinants of aboriginal peoples' health","author":"Reading","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib29","series-title":"Mental health & addictions interventions for youth experiencing homelessness: practical strategies for front-line providers","first-page":"89","article-title":"Supporting indigenous youth experiencing homelessness","author":"Stewart","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib30","series-title":"Health inequalities and social determinants of Aboriginal peoples' health","author":"Loppie Reading","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib31","series-title":"The national definition of indigenous homelessness in Canada","author":"Thistle","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib32","series-title":"Brief mental health and substance use screening tools for non-clinicians in the criminal justice population","author":"CAMH Provincial Systems Support Network","year":"2014"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib33","first-page":"80","article-title":"Development and validation of the GAIN Short Screener (GSS) for internalizing, externalizing and substance use disorders and crime\/violence problems among adolescents and adults","volume":"15","author":"Dennis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1023\/B:QURE.0000018486.91360.00","article-title":"The World Health Organization's WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group","volume":"13","author":"Skevington","year":"2004","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib35","series-title":"The resilience scale user's guide for the US English version of the resilience scale and the 14-item resilience scale (RS-14)","author":"Wagnild","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019357","article-title":"A multicultural assessment of adolescent connectedness: testing measurement invariance across gender and ethnicity","volume":"57","author":"Karcher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Counsel Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1891\/1061-3749.17.2.105","article-title":"A review of the resilience scale","volume":"17","author":"Wagnild","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nurs Meas"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib38","first-page":"243","article-title":"Suicide and self-inflicted injury hospitalizations in Canada (1979 to 2014\/15)","volume":"36","author":"Skinner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can Res Pol Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib39","first-page":"31","article-title":"\u201cA story I never heard before\u201d: aboriginal young women, homelessness, and restoring connection","volume":"6","author":"Ruttan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pimatisiwin J Aborig Indig Community Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1037\/h0098852","article-title":"Out on the street: a public health and policy agenda for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth who are homeless","volume":"84","author":"Keuroghlian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib41","series-title":"Paper presentation at Indigenous education network mental health symposium","article-title":"The life transition needs of M\u00e9tis homeless peoples","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib42","series-title":"The division of labour in society, translated by W.D. Halls","author":"Durkheim","year":"1984"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2010.09.002","article-title":"The Canadian human rights tribunal on first nations child welfare: Why if Canada wins, equality and justice lose","volume":"33","author":"Blackstock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012_bib44","series-title":"Health inequalities and social determinants of aboriginal peoples' health","author":"Loppie Reading","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350618302178?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0033350618302178?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:32:38Z","timestamp":1758501158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0033350618302178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0033350618302178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3506","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A national study of Indigenous youth homelessness in Canada","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.06.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}